Python学习笔记 迭代器

Python学习笔记 迭代器

iter和next：
iter方法可以生成一个迭代器，用next取得下一个元素，当next超过范围后，会出现异常
如：

>>> string = "cxy"
>>> it = iter(string)
>>> next(it)
'c'
>>> next(it)
'x'
>>> next(it)
'y'
>>> next(it)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#18>", line 1, in <module>
    next(it)
StopIteration

一个不会出异常的方法：

>>> while True:
    try:
        each = next(it)
    except StopIteration:
        break
    print(each)


c
x
y
>>> 

一个斐波那契数列的迭代器的实现：

>>> class Fibs:
    def __init__(self):
        self.a = 0
        self.b = 1
    def __iter__(self):
        return self
    def __next__(self):
        self.a, self.b = self.b, self.a + self.b
        return self.a


>>> fibs = Fibs()
>>> for each in fibs:
    if each < 20:
        print(each)
    else:
        break


1
1
2
3
5
8
13
>>> 

改进版，一个带迭代上限的迭代器：

>>> class Fibs:
    def __init__(self, n = 10):
        self.a = 0
        self.b = 1
        self.n = n
    def __iter__(self):
        return self
    def __next__(self):
        self.a, self.b = self.b, self.a + self.b
        if self.a > self.n:
            raise StopIteration
        return self.a


>>> fibs = Fibs()
>>> for each in fibs:
    print(each)


1
1
2
3
5
8

使用自定义的上限

>>> fibs = Fibs(100)
>>> for each in fibs:
    print(each)


1
1
2
3
5
8
13
21
34
55
89
>>>