1. 调试过程
1.1. 示例代码
|
package main
import (
"fmt"
"time"
)
func counting(c chan<- int) {
for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
c <- i
}
close(c)
}
func main() {
msg := "Starting main"
fmt.Println(msg)
bus := make(chan int)
msg = "starting a gofunc"
go counting(bus)
for count := range bus {
fmt.Println("count:", count)
}
}
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1.2. 调试步骤
编译文件，生成可执行文件gdbfile:
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go build -gcflags "-N -l" gdbfile.go
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通过gdb命令启动调试：
启动之后首先看看这个程序是不是可以运行起来，只要输入run命令回车后程序就开始运行，程序正常的话可以看到程序输出如下，和我们在命令行直接执行程序输出是一样的：
|
(gdb) run
Starting program: /home/xiemengjun/gdbfile
Starting main
count: 0
count: 1
count: 2
count: 3
count: 4
count: 5
count: 6
count: 7
count: 8
count: 9
[LWP 2771 exited]
[Inferior 1 (process 2771) exited normally]
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好了，现在我们已经知道怎么让程序跑起来了，接下来开始给代码设置断点：
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(gdb) b 23
Breakpoint 1 at 0x400d8d: file /home/xiemengjun/gdbfile.go, line 23.
(gdb) run
Starting program: /home/xiemengjun/gdbfile
Starting main
[New LWP 3284]
[Switching to LWP 3284]
Breakpoint 1, main.main () at /home/xiemengjun/gdbfile.go:23
23 fmt.Println("count:", count)
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上面例子b 23表示在第23行设置了断点，之后输入run开始运行程序。现在程序在前面设置断点的地方停住了，我们需要查看断点相应上下文的源码，输入list就可以看到源码显示从当前停止行的前五行开始：
|
(gdb) list
18 fmt.Println(msg)
19 bus := make(chan int)
20 msg = "starting a gofunc"
21 go counting(bus)
22 for count := range bus {
23 fmt.Println("count:", count)
24 }
25 }
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现在GDB在运行当前的程序的环境中已经保留了一些有用的调试信息，我们只需打印出相应的变量，查看相应变量的类型及值：
|
(gdb) info locals
count = 0
bus = 0xf840001a50
(gdb) p count
$1 = 0
(gdb) p bus
$2 = (chan int) 0xf840001a50
(gdb) whatis bus
type = chan int
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接下来该让程序继续往下执行，请继续看下面的命令
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(gdb) c
Continuing.
count: 0
[New LWP 3303]
[Switching to LWP 3303]
Breakpoint 1, main.main () at /home/xiemengjun/gdbfile.go:23
23 fmt.Println("count:", count)
(gdb) c
Continuing.
count: 1
[Switching to LWP 3302]
Breakpoint 1, main.main () at /home/xiemengjun/gdbfile.go:23
23 fmt.Println("count:", count)
|
每次输入c之后都会执行一次代码，又跳到下一次for循环，继续打印出来相应的信息。设想目前需要改变上下文相关变量的信息，跳过一些过程，并继续执行下一步，得出修改后想要的结果：
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(gdb) info locals
count = 2
bus = 0xf840001a50
(gdb) set variable count=9
(gdb) info locals
count = 9
bus = 0xf840001a50
(gdb) c
Continuing.
count: 9
[Switching to LWP 3302]
Breakpoint 1, main.main () at /home/xiemengjun/gdbfile.go:23
23 fmt.Println("count:", count)
|
最后稍微思考一下，前面整个程序运行的过程中到底创建了多少个goroutine，每个goroutine都在做什么：
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(gdb) info goroutines
* 1 running runtime.gosched
* 2 syscall runtime.entersyscall
3 waiting runtime.gosched
4 runnable runtime.gosched
(gdb) goroutine 1 bt
#0 0x000000000040e33b in runtime.gosched () at /home/xiemengjun/go/src/pkg/runtime/proc.c:927
#1 0x0000000000403091 in runtime.chanrecv (c=void, ep=void, selected=void, received=void)
at /home/xiemengjun/go/src/pkg/runtime/chan.c:327
#2 0x000000000040316f in runtime.chanrecv2 (t=void, c=void)
at /home/xiemengjun/go/src/pkg/runtime/chan.c:420
#3 0x0000000000400d6f in main.main () at /home/xiemengjun/gdbfile.go:22
#4 0x000000000040d0c7 in runtime.main () at /home/xiemengjun/go/src/pkg/runtime/proc.c:244
#5 0x000000000040d16a in schedunlock () at /home/xiemengjun/go/src/pkg/runtime/proc.c:267
#6 0x0000000000000000 in ?? ()
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