【深度学习框架】Tensorflow Session.run()函数的进一步理解

在tensorflow中session.run()用来将数据传入计算图，计算并返回出给定变量/placeholder的结果。

在看论文代码的时候遇到一段复杂的feed_dict, 本文记录了对sess.run()的复习。

1.tensorflow Session.run()

session.run()的函数定义如下，可以在交互式python中sess = tf.Session; ?sess.run,也可以在源码 line846中查看到。首先来看函数的参数定义：

run(self, fetches, feed_dict=None, options=None, run_metadata=None)

其中常用的fetches和feed_dict就是常用的传入参数。fetches主要指从计算图中取回计算结果进行放回的那些placeholder和变量，而feed_dict则是将对应的数据传入计算图中占位符，它是字典数据结构只在调用方法内有效。
参考这个例子额的解释，最下面的fetch和feed，原始定义 在make_callable
下面让我们来看看官方代码中对run()函数的解释:

def run(self, fetches, feed_dict=None, options=None, run_metadata=None):
    """Runs operations and evaluates tensors in `fetches`.
    运行操作和对fetches中的张量进行计算
    
    This method runs one "step" of TensorFlow computation, by
    running the necessary graph fragment to execute every `Operation`
    and evaluate every `Tensor` in `fetches`, substituting the values in
    `feed_dict` for the corresponding input values.
    这一方法将在tensorflow中运行一次计算，通过将feed_dict中的数据馈入计算图中，
    运行计算图定义的操作并最终得到fectch中tensor的评测结果
    
    The `fetches` argument may be a single graph element, or an arbitrarily
    nested list, tuple, namedtuple, dict, or OrderedDict containing graph
    elements at its leaves.  A graph element can be one of the following types:
    fecches是从计算图中取出对应变量的参数，可以是单个图元素、任意的列表、元组、字典等等形式的图元素。
    图元素包括操作、张量、稀疏张量、句柄、字符串等等。
    * A `tf.Operation`.
      The corresponding fetched value will be `None`.
    * A `tf.Tensor`.
      The corresponding fetched value will be a numpy ndarray containing the
      value of that tensor.
    * A `tf.SparseTensor`.
      The corresponding fetched value will be a
      `tf.compat.v1.SparseTensorValue`
      containing the value of that sparse tensor.
    * A `get_tensor_handle` op.  The corresponding fetched value will be a
      numpy ndarray containing the handle of that tensor.
    * A `string` which is the name of a tensor or operation in the graph.
    The value returned by `run()` has the same shape as the `fetches` argument,
    where the leaves are replaced by the corresponding values returned by
    TensorFlow.
    run的返回值与fetches的形状一致
    
    Example:
    ```python
       a = tf.constant([10, 20])
       b = tf.constant([1.0, 2.0])
       # 'fetches' can be a singleton
       v = session.run(a)
       # v is the numpy array [10, 20]  # 这里就是单个元素作为fetch数值
       # 'fetches' can be a list.
       v = session.run([a, b])          # 这里作为list取回值
       # v is a Python list with 2 numpy arrays: the 1-D array [10, 20] and the
       # 1-D array [1.0, 2.0]
       # 'fetches' can be arbitrary lists, tuples, namedtuple, dicts:
       MyData = collections.namedtuple('MyData', ['a', 'b'])
       v = session.run({'k1': MyData(a, b), 'k2': [b, a]})
       # v is a dict with
       # v['k1'] is a MyData namedtuple with 'a' (the numpy array [10, 20]) and
       # 'b' (the numpy array [1.0, 2.0])
       # v['k2'] is a list with the numpy array [1.0, 2.0] and the numpy array
       # [10, 20].
    ```
    feed_dict可以使