fewshot原理与代码实战案例讲解

### Few-Shot Learning Code Examples Few-shot learning aims to develop models that can generalize well from a limited amount of data. Below are Python code snippets demonstrating how one might implement few-shot learning techniques such as Prototypical Networks. #### Example 1: Prototypical Network Implementation Prototypical networks learn by computing distances between embeddings of support samples and query samples within each episode[^3]. ```python import torch from torch import nn import numpy as np class ProtoNet(nn.Module): def __init__(self, encoder): super(ProtoNet, self).__init__() self.encoder = encoder def forward(self, support_x, support_y, query_x): """ Args: support_x: inputs of support set (ways * shots) x C x H x W support_y: labels of support set (ways * shots) query_x : inputs of query set Q x C x H x W Returns: pred: predictions for query set """ # Encode all images proto_representations = self.encoder(support_x) query_representations = self.encoder(query_x) # Calculate prototypes for each class in the support set unique_labels = torch.unique(support_y) prototype_vectors = [] for label in unique_labels: indices = torch.where(support_y == label)[0] selected_features = proto_representations[indices] mean_vector = torch.mean(selected_features, dim=0) prototype_vectors.append(mean_vector.unsqueeze(dim=0)) prototype_vectors = torch.cat(prototype_vectors, dim=0) # Compute distance between query features and prototypes dists = euclidean_dist(query_representations, prototype_vectors) log_p_y = F.log_softmax(-dists, dim=1).view(ways, shots, -1) return log_p_y def euclidean_dist(x, y): n = x.size(0) m = y.size(0) d = x.size(1) assert d == y.size(1) x = x.unsqueeze(1).expand(n, m, d) y = y.unsqueeze(0).expand(n, m, d) return torch.pow(x - y, 2).sum(2) # Define an example CNN Encoder architecture suitable for Omniglot dataset encoder = ConvolutionalNeuralNetwork() model = ProtoNet(encoder) # Assume we have preprocessed datasets ready here... support_images, support_labels = ... query_images = ... output = model(support_images, support_labels, query_images) ``` This implementation demonstrates setting up a simple prototypical network which computes Euclidean distances between embedded representations of queries against learned class means derived from supports during training phase. For further exploration into semi-supervised settings or incorporating additional mechanisms like kNN attention pooling layers mentioned elsewhere, modifications would need to be made accordingly based on specific requirements outlined in relevant literature[^2].