C语言字符串操作函数的单独示例代码-CSDN博客

下面是每个C语言字符串操作函数的单独示例代码，包含详细注释和必要的头文件：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>  // 字符串操作函数头文件
#include <stdlib.h>  // 用于malloc

int main() {
    // 1. strlen - 获取字符串长度
    const char *s1 = "Hello";
    size_t len = strlen(s1);
    printf("1. strlen(\"%s\") = %zu\n\n", s1, len); // 5

    // 2. strcpy - 字符串复制
    char dest1[20];
    strcpy(dest1, "Hello World!");
    printf("2. strcpy result: \"%s\"\n\n", dest1);

    // 3. strncpy - 安全字符串复制
    char dest2[10];
    strncpy(dest2, "OverflowTest", sizeof(dest2)); // 只复制前9个字符
    dest2[sizeof(dest2) - 1] = '\0'; // 确保结束符
    printf("3. strncpy result: \"%s\"\n\n", dest2);

    // 4. strcat - 字符串连接
    char dest3[20] = "Hello";
    strcat(dest3, " World!");
    printf("4. strcat result: \"%s\"\n\n", dest3);

    // 5. strncat - 安全字符串连接
    char dest4[20] = "Secure";
    strncat(dest4, " Append!!!", 7); // 只追加7个字符
    printf("5. strncat result: \"%s\"\n\n", dest4);

    // 6. strcmp - 字符串比较
    int cmp1 = strcmp("apple", "banana");
    int cmp2 = strcmp("banana", "apple");
    int cmp3 = strcmp("apple", "apple");
    printf("6. strcmp:\n");
    printf("   \"apple\" vs \"banana\": %d\n", cmp1); // <0
    printf("   \"banana\" vs \"apple\": %d\n", cmp2); // >0
    printf("   \"apple\" vs \"apple\": %d\n\n", cmp3); // 0

    // 7. strncmp - 安全字符串比较
    int cmp4 = strncmp("application", "apple", 3);
    printf("7. strncmp(\"application\", \"apple\", 3): %d (前3字符相同)\n\n", cmp4);

    // 8. strchr - 查找字符首次出现
    const char *str8 = "Hello World";
    char *found = strchr(str8, 'o');
    printf("8. strchr(\"%s\", 'o') found at position: %ld (\"%s\")\n\n", 
           str8, found - str8, found);

    // 9. strrchr - 查找字符最后一次出现
    char *last = strrchr(str8, 'o');
    printf("9. strrchr(\"%s\", 'o') found at position: %ld (\"%s\")\n\n", 
           str8, last - str8, last);

    // 10. strstr - 查找子串
    const char *text = "C programming is powerful";
    char *sub = strstr(text, "program");
    printf("10. strstr(\"%s\", \"program\") found at: \"%s\"\n\n", text, sub);

    // 11. strtok - 字符串分割
    char data[] = "John,Doe,25,USA";  // 必须可修改
    printf("11. strtok splitting \"%s\":\n", data);
    char *token = strtok(data, ",");
    while(token != NULL) {
        printf("    - %s\n", token);
        token = strtok(NULL, ",");
    }
    printf("\n");

    // 12. memcpy - 内存复制
    char src[50] = "Memory copy example";
    char dest5[50];
    memcpy(dest5, src, strlen(src) + 1); // +1包含结束符
    printf("12. memcpy result: \"%s\"\n\n", dest5);

    // 13. memmove - 处理重叠的内存复制
    char str13[] = "memmove can handle overlap";
    printf("13. Before memmove: \"%s\"\n", str13);
    memmove(str13 + 4, str13, 10); // 从开头复制10字节到位置4
    printf("    After memmove:  \"%s\"\n\n", str13);

    // 14. memset - 内存设置
    char buf[20];
    memset(buf, 'A', 10); // 设置10字节为'A'
    buf[10] = '\0';       // 结束符
    printf("14. memset result: \"%s\"\n", buf);

    return 0;
}

示例输出：

1. strlen("Hello") = 5

2. strcpy result: "Hello World!"

3. strncpy result: "OverflowT"

4. strcat result: "Hello World!"

5. strncat result: "Secure Appen"

6. strcmp:
   "apple" vs "banana": -1
   "banana" vs "apple": 1
   "apple" vs "apple": 0

7. strncmp("application", "apple", 3): 0 (前3字符相同)

8. strchr("Hello World", 'o') found at position: 4 ("o World")

9. strrchr("Hello World", 'o') found at position: 7 ("orld")

10. strstr("C programming is powerful", "program") found at: "programming is powerful"

11. strtok splitting "John,Doe,25,USA":
    - John
    - Doe
    - 25
    - USA

12. memcpy result: "Memory copy example"

13. Before memmove: "memmove can handle overlap"
    After memmove:  "memmemmove can handle overlap"

14. memset result: "AAAAAAAAAA"

关键注意事项：

缓冲区安全：
- strncpy/strncat 需手动添加结束符（如示例3）
- 目标数组必须足够大（如示例2、3、4使用固定大小的数组）
字符串修改：
- strtok 会修改原字符串（示例11使用char[]而非char*）
- 函数如strchr、strstr返回的是原始字符串的指针
内存操作：
- memmove 可处理内存重叠（示例13）
- memset 常用于初始化缓冲区（示例14）
返回值处理：
- 比较函数返回值的正负表示大小关系
- 查找函数返回NULL表示未找到