C语言实现学生成绩管理系统

该示例程序展示了如何用C语言通过结构体和指针来创建一个简单的学生成绩管理系统,支持添加、查询、删除和修改学生信息。程序利用动态内存分配存储学生数据,并在操作完成后释放内存。

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C语言可以通过结构体和指针等基本语法来实现学生成绩管理系统。以下是一个简单的示例:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define MAX_SIZE 100  // 定义最大学生人数

typedef struct {
    char name[20];
    int age;
    float score;
} Student; // 学生结构体定义

int main() {
    Student *students[MAX_SIZE]; // 指针数组,每个元素指向一个Student类型的结构体
    int size = 0; // 学生人数
    char command = '\0'; // 命令
    while (command != 'q') {
        printf("请输入命令:\n");
        printf("a: 添加学生信息\n");
        printf("s: 查询学生信息\n");
        printf("d: 删除学生信息\n");
        printf("u: 修改学生信息\n");
        printf("q: 退出\n");
        scanf(" %c", &command);
        switch (command) {
            case 'a':
                if (size >= MAX_SIZE) {
                    printf("学生人数已满,无法继续添加!\n");
                } else {
                    students[size] = (Student *)malloc(sizeof(Student)); // 动态分配内存
                    printf("请输入学生姓名、年龄和成绩,以空格分隔:\n");
                    scanf("%s%d%f", students[size]->name, &(students[size]->age), &(students[size]->score));
                    size++;
                    printf("添加成功!\n");
                }
                break;
            case 's':
                if (size == 0) {
                    printf("学生人数为0,无法查询!\n");
                } else {
                    char name[20] = {'\0'};
                    printf("请输入要查询的学生姓名:\n");
                    scanf("%s", name);
                    int found = 0;
                    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                        if (strcmp(students[i]->name, name) == 0) { // 使用strcmp函数进行字符串比较
                            printf("姓名:%s,年龄:%d,成绩:%.2f\n", students[i]->name, students[i]->age, students[i]->score);
                            found = 1;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    if (!found) {
                        printf("未找到该学生信息!\n");
                    }
                }
                break;
            case 'd':
                if (size == 0) {
                    printf("学生人数为0,无法删除!\n");
                } else {
                    char name[20] = {'\0'};
                    printf("请输入要删除的学生姓名:\n");
                    scanf("%s", name);
                    int found = 0;
                    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                        if (strcmp(students[i]->name, name) == 0) {
                            free(students[i]); // 释放内存
                            for (int j = i + 1; j < size; j++) {
                                students[j - 1] = students[j];
                            }
                            size--;
                            found = 1;
                            printf("删除成功!\n");
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    if (!found) {
                        printf("未找到该学生信息!\n");
                    }
                }
                break;
            case 'u':
                if (size == 0) {
                    printf("学生人数为0,无法修改!\n");
                } else {
                    char name[20] = {'\0'};
                    printf("请输入要修改的学生姓名:\n");
                    scanf("%s", name);
                    int found = 0;
                    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                        if (strcmp(students[i]->name, name) == 0) {
                            printf("请输入要修改的姓名、年龄和成绩,以空格分隔:\n");
                            scanf("%s%d%f", students[i]->name, &(students[i]->age), &(students[i]->score));
                            found = 1;
                            printf("修改成功!\n");
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    if (!found) {
                        printf("未找到该学生信息!\n");
                    }
                }
                break;
            case 'q':
                printf("退出程序!\n");
                break;
            default:
                printf("无效命令,请重新输入!\n");
                break;
        }
    }
    // 释放所有动态分配的内存
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        free(students[i]);
    }
    return 0;
}

这个示例程序实现了添加、查询、删除、修改学生信息的功能。在程序中,使用了结构体和指针等C语言的基础语法,同时也涉及到了动态内存分配和释放等高级语法。总之,C语言作为计算机行业的核心语言,确实非常重要,无论是在操作系统、硬件驱动领域,还是在科学计算和前端开发等领域,都有广泛应用。

#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include<ctype.h> #define M 3 struct student {long num; char name[20]; char sex; int score[5]; int ave; }stu[M]; void init() { printf("\t\t********************************\n\n"); printf("\t\tStudent score management systerm \n"); printf("\n"); printf("\t\t Make by Maggiehe \n"); printf("\n"); printf("\t\t Student number is 3206***** \n\n"); printf("\t\t********************************\n\n"); } void input() { int i,j; printf("\nInput the student number name sex math English PE maolun majing:\n"); for(i=0;i<M;i++) {scanf("%ld,%s,%c",&stu[i].num,stu[i].name,&stu[i].sex); for(j=0;j<5;j++) scanf("%d",&stu[i].score[j]); scanf("%d",&stu[i].ave); save(); } } void list() { int i,j; clrscr(); printf("\t**********************student****************************\n"); printf("num name sex math English PE maolun majing:\n"); for(i=0;i<M;i++) { printf("%ld %s %c",stu[i].num,stu[i].name,stu[i].sex); for(j=0;j<5;j++) printf("%d",stu[i].score[j]); printf("%d",stu[i].ave); } if((i+1)%10==0) { printf("\npress any key continue.......\n"); getch(); } printf("\t*************************end*********************************\n"); } void average() { int i,j; float sum[M]; for(i=0;i<M;i++) for(j=0;j<5;j++) sum[i]+=stu[i].score[j]; stu[i].ave=sum[i]/5.0; } void search_num() { long num; int i,j; printf("\nplease enter number which you want to search:"); scanf("%ld",&num); printf("\n"); for(i=0;i<M;i++) if(stu[i].num!=num) printf("The number is not exist\n"); else { printf("number name sex math English PE maolun majing average\n"); printf("%ld %s %c",stu[i].num,stu[i].name,stu[i].sex); for(j=0;j<5;j++) printf("%d",stu[i].score[j]); printf("%d",stu[i].ave); } } void search_nam() { int i,j; char name[20]; printf("\nplease enter name which you want to search:"); scanf("%s",&name); printf("\n"); for(i=0;i<M;i++) if(strcmp(stu[i].name,name)==0) { printf("number name sex math English PE maolun majing average:\n"); printf("%ld%s%c",stu[i].num,stu[i].name,stu[i].sex); for(j=0;j<5;j++) printf("%d",stu[i].score[j]); printf("%d",stu[i].ave); } else printf("\nThe name is not exist!!!\n"); } void search_ave() { int i,j,a=0; float k; printf("please enter average score which you want to search:"); scanf("%f",&k); printf("\n"); for(i=0;i<M;i++) if(stu[i].ave!=k) printf("The average score is not exist!!!\n"); else for(i=0;i<M;i++) { if(stu[i].ave<=k) printf("number name sex math English PE maolun majing average\n"); printf("%ld %s %c",stu[i].num,stu[i].name,stu[i].sex); for(j=0;j<5;j++) printf("%d",stu[i].score[j]); printf("%d",stu[i].ave); a++; } } void sort() { int i,j; struct student temp; for(i=0;i<M;i++) for(j=i+i;j<M;j++) if(stu[i].ave<stu[j].ave) {temp=stu[i]; stu[i]=stu[j]; stu[j]=temp; } } void save() { int i; FILE *fp; if((fp=fopen("student.dat","wb"))==NULL) {printf("cannot open file\n"); return; } for(i=0;i<M;i++) if(fwrite(&stu[i],sizeof(struct student),1,fp)!=1) printf("file write error\n"); fclose(fp); } void delect() { int i,t; long num; printf("please enter number which you want to delect:"); scanf("%ld",&num); printf("\n"); for(i=0;i<M;i++) { if(stu[i].num!=num) printf("The number is not exist!!!\n"); if(stu[i].num==num) t=i; } for(i=t;i<M;i++) stu[i]=stu[i+1]; save(); } void insert() {FILE *fp; int i,n,t; struct student s; printf("please input record\n"); printf("number name sex math English PE maolun majing average\n"); scanf("%ld,%s,%c,%d%d%d%d%d%d",&s.num,s.name,&s.sex,&s.score[0],&s.score[1],&s.score[2],&s.score[3],&s.score[4],&s.ave); s.ave=(s.score[0]+s.score[1]+s.score[2]+s.score[3]+s.score[4])/3.0; if((fp=fopen("student.dat","wb"))==NULL) {printf("cannot open file\n"); return; } i=M; for(t=0;stu[i].ave>s.ave&&t<M;t++) if(fwrite(&s,sizeof(struct student),1,fp)!=1) printf("file write error\n"); fclose(fp); } void MainMenu() {clrscr(); printf("\t********************************************************************\n \n); Printf(“\n”); printf("\t choose one of following:\n"); printf("\t 1. search record\n"); printf("\t 2. sort record\n"); printf("\t 3. insert record\n"); printf("\t 4. delect record\n"); printf("\t please enter your choice:"); printf(“\n”); printf("\t********************************************************************\n"); } void menu_select() {clrscr(); printf("\t******************************************************************\n\n"); printf(“\n”); printf("\t choose one of following:\n"); printf("\t 1.1 search by number\n"); printf("\t 1.2 search by name\n"); printf("\t 1.3 search by average score\n"); printf("\t please enter your choice:"); printf(“\n”); printf("\t******************************************************************\n"); } void search() { char ch; clrscr(); menu_select(); ch=getch(); switch(ch) { case '1':search_num();break; case '2':search_nam();break; case '3':search_ave();break; } } main() { char ch; clrscr(); init(); input(); list(); average(); save(); MainMenu(); ch=getch(); switch(ch) { case '1':search();break; case '2':sort();break; case '3':insert();break; case '4':delect();break; } search_num(); search_nam(); search_ave(); sort(); delect(); insert; }
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