Hibernate的自关联与多对多_hibernate四级自关联-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/water_java/article/details/100516745

本文详细解析了Hibernate框架中自关联与多对多关系的实现方式，包括自关联的树形节点示例及多对多关系的书籍与类型关联案例，深入探讨了配置文件与代码实现细节。

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Hibernate的自关联与多对多

自关联

在hibernate中，你只管查询当前表对象即可，
hibernate会自动关联桥表以及关联表查询出关联对象

以树形节点为例
实体类TreeNode类

package com.hsl.four.entity;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

public class TreeNode {
	private Integer nodeId;
	private String nodeName;
	private Integer treeNodeType;
	private Integer position;
	private String url;
	private TreeNode parent;//关键作用的父节点
	//某节点的父节点只有一个，但子节点是可以有多个
	private Set<TreeNode> children = new HashSet<TreeNode>();//关键作用的子节点
	private Integer initChildren = 0;

	public Integer getNodeId() {
		return nodeId;
	}

	public void setNodeId(Integer nodeId) {
		this.nodeId = nodeId;
	}

	public String getNodeName() {
		return nodeName;
	}

	public void setNodeName(String nodeName) {
		this.nodeName = nodeName;
	}

	public Integer getTreeNodeType() {
		return treeNodeType;
	}

	public void setTreeNodeType(Integer treeNodeType) {
		this.treeNodeType = treeNodeType;
	}

	public Integer getPosition() {
		return position;
	}

	public void setPosition(Integer position) {
		this.position = position;
	}

	public String getUrl() {
		return url;
	}

	public void setUrl(String url) {
		this.url = url;
	}

	public TreeNode getParent() {
		return parent;
	}

	public void setParent(TreeNode parent) {
		this.parent = parent;
	}

	public Set<TreeNode> getChildren() {
		return children;
	}

	public void setChildren(Set<TreeNode> children) {
		this.children = children;
	}

	public Integer getInitChildren() {
		return initChildren;
	}

	public void setInitChildren(Integer initChildren) {
		this.initChildren = initChildren;
	}

//	@Override
//	public String toString() {
//		return "TreeNode [nodeId=" + nodeId + ", nodeName=" + nodeName + ", treeNodeType=" + treeNodeType
//				+ ", position=" + position + ", url=" + url + ", children=" + children + "]";
//	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "TreeNode [nodeId=" + nodeId + ", nodeName=" + nodeName + ", treeNodeType=" + treeNodeType
				+ ", position=" + position + ", url=" + url + "]";
	}
	

}

对应的TreeNode.hbm.xml的配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.hsl.four.entity.TreeNode" table="t_hibernate_sys_tree_node">
		<id name="nodeId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="tree_node_id">
			<generator class="increment" />
		</id>
		<property name="nodeName" type="java.lang.String"
			column="tree_node_name">
		</property>
		<property name="treeNodeType" type="java.lang.Integer"
			column="tree_node_type">
		</property>
		<property name="position" type="java.lang.Integer"
			column="position">
		</property>
		<property name="url" type="java.lang.String"
			column="url">
		</property>
		
		<many-to-one name="parent" class="com.hsl.four.entity.TreeNode" column="parent_node_id"/>
		
		<set name="children" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
			<key column="parent_node_id"></key>
			<one-to-many class="com.hsl.four.entity.TreeNode"/>
		</set>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

添加配置核心的hibernate.cfg.xml文件

<!-- 		一对多的自关联 -->
		<mapping resource="com/hsl/four/entity/TreeNode.hbm.xml" />

TreeNodeDao类

package com.hsl.four.dao;

import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;

import com.hsl.four.entity.TreeNode;
import com.hsl.two.util.SessionFactoryUtils;

public class TreeNodeDao {
	public TreeNode load(TreeNode treeNode) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		TreeNode t = session.load(TreeNode.class, treeNode.getNodeId());
		if(t != null && new Integer(1).equals(treeNode.getInitChildren())) {
			Hibernate.initialize(t.getChildren());
			Hibernate.initialize(t.getParent());
		}
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return t;
	}
}

JUnit测试类

package com.hsl.four.dao;

import org.junit.Test;

import com.hsl.four.entity.TreeNode;

public class TreeNodeDaoTest {
	private TreeNodeDao treeNodeDao = new TreeNodeDao();


	/**比在easyUi里用的递归方便（不过不随便用）
	 * 在vue的后台要用
	 * 只可以加载直系亲属，即父节点与子节点，其他加载不出来
	 */
	@Test
	public void testLoad() {
		TreeNode treeNode = new TreeNode();
		treeNode.setNodeId(6);
		treeNode.setInitChildren(1);
		
		TreeNode t = this.treeNodeDao.load(treeNode);
		System.out.println(t);
		System.out.println(t.getParent());
		System.out.println(t.getChildren());
	}

}

结果显示：
在这里插入图片描述

多对多

数据库中不能直接映射多对多
处理：创建一个桥接表(中间表)，将一个多对多关系转换成两个一对多

hibernate可以直接映射多对多关联关系(看作两个一对多)

多对多关系注意事项

1 .一定要定义一个主控方

2 . 多对多删除
2.1 主控方直接删除
2.2 被控方先通过主控方解除多对多关系，再删除被控方
2.3 禁用级联删除

3 . 关联关系编辑，不需要直接操作桥接表，hibernate的主控方会自动维护

下面以书籍表和书籍类型表为例

两个实体类我就不展示了

对应的book.hbm.xml配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.hsl.four.entity.Book" table="t_hibernate_book">
		<cache usage="read-only" region="com.hsl.four.entity.Book"/>
		<id name="bookId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="book_id">
			<generator class="increment" />
		</id>
		<property name="bookName" type="java.lang.String"
			column="book_name">
		</property>
		<property name="price" type="java.lang.Float"
			column="price">
		</property>
		<!-- 	
		set标签：
		table：指的是中间表
		name：实体类中关联的属性
		cascade：级联新增级联修改
		inverse：中间表的维护交给那个实体类来控制，inverse的字面意思是反方，默认inverse=true，
		也就意味着，默认由对方来控制中间表数据的维护
		
		key标签：
		column：当前映射类对应的表的主键，中间表的外键
		
		many-to-many标签：
		column:当前映射类关联属性对应的类的主键，在中间表的外键
		class:当前映射类关联属性对应的类的全限定路径名
		
		
			 -->
		
		<set table="t_hibernate_book_category" name="categories" cascade="save-update" inverse="false">
			<!-- one -->
			<key column="bid"></key>
			<!-- many -->
			<many-to-many column="cid" class="com.hsl.four.entity.Category"></many-to-many>
		</set>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

配置category.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.hsl.four.entity.Category" table="t_hibernate_category">
		<id name="categoryId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="category_id">
			<generator class="increment" />
		</id>
		<property name="categoryName" type="java.lang.String"
			column="category_name">
		</property>
		
		<set table="t_hibernate_book_category" name="books" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
			<key column="cid"></key>
			<many-to-many column="bid" class="com.hsl.four.entity.Book"></many-to-many>
		</set>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

添加核心文件hibernate.cfg.xml配置

<!-- 		多对多 -->
		<mapping resource="com/hsl/four/entity/book.hbm.xml" />
		<mapping resource="com/hsl/four/entity/category.hbm.xml" />

BookDao类

package com.hsl.four.dao;

import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;

import com.hsl.four.entity.Book;
import com.hsl.four.entity.Category;
import com.hsl.two.util.SessionFactoryUtils;

public class BookDao {
	public Integer addBook(Book book) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Integer bid = (Integer) session.save(book);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return bid;
	}
	
	public Integer addCategory(Category category) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Integer cid = (Integer) session.save(category);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return cid;
	}
	
	public Category getCategory(Category category) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Category c = session.get(Category.class, category.getCategoryId());
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return c;
	}
	
	public Book getBook(Book book) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Book b = session.get(Book.class, book.getBookId());
		if (b != null && new Integer(1).equals(book.getInitCategories())) {
			Hibernate.initialize(b.getCategories());
		}
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return b;
	}
	
	public void delBook(Book book) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		session.delete(book);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
	public void delCategory(Category category) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Category c = session.get(Category.class, category.getCategoryId());
		if(c!=null) {
			for (Book b : c.getBooks()) {
//				通过在被控方通过主控方来解除关联关系，最后被控方再做删除
				b.getCategories().remove(c);
			}
		}
		session.delete(c);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}

}

相应的JUit测试类

package com.hsl.four.dao;

import org.junit.Test;

import com.hsl.four.entity.Book;
import com.hsl.four.entity.Category;

public class BookDaoTest {
	private BookDao bookDao = new BookDao();

	@Test
	public void testGetBook() {
		Book book = new Book();
		book.setBookId(8);
		book.setInitCategories(1);
		Book b = this.bookDao.getBook(book );
		System.out.println(b.getBookName());
		System.out.println(b.getCategories());
	}
	
	/**
	 * book.hbm.xml	inverse=fasle
	 * category.hbm.xml inverse=true
	 * 这两个配置文件只有一正一反才会成功
	 * 数据添加正常
	 * 书籍表、桥接表各新增一条数据
	 */
	@Test
	public void test1() {
		Book book = new Book();
		book.setBookName("蓝帽会");
		book.setPrice(10f);
		Category category = new Category();
		category.setCategoryId(3);
//		直接将category对象加入到新建的book中是错误的，因为此时的category是临时态的，hibernate是不会管理的
//		book.getCategories().add(category);
		Category c = this.bookDao.getCategory(category);
		
//		c.getBooks().add(book);
		book.getCategories().add(c);
		this.bookDao.addBook(book);
	}

	/**
	 * book.hbm.xml	inverse=true
	 * category.hbm.xml inverse=true
	 * 只增加书籍表数据
	 * 桥接表不加数据
	 * 原因：双方都没有去维护关系
	 */
	@Test
	public void test2() {
		Book book = new Book();
		book.setBookName("美人为馅");
		book.setPrice(12f);
		Category category = new Category();
		category.setCategoryId(3);
		Category c = this.bookDao.getCategory(category);
		
		book.getCategories().add(c);
		this.bookDao.addBook(book);
//		c.getBooks().add(book);
	}
	
	
}

很重要的是要把两个对应的*.hbm.xml文件搞清楚