C语言中结构体内存存储方式

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-19 00:38:55 发布

转载最新推荐文章于 2024-07-19 00:38:55 发布 · 1.2k 阅读

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原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/BlogsOfLei/p/8666194.html

文章标签：

#c/c++

本文探讨了C语言中结构体的内存存储方式及内存对齐规则。通过实例演示了不同类型的元素如何影响结构体的大小，并解释了为什么结构体会按照最大元素的字节数进行对齐。

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C语言中结构体内存存储方式

结构体的默认存储方式采用以最大字节元素字节数对其方式进行对齐，例如一个结构体中定义有char、int类型元素，则结构体存储空间按照int类型占用字节，如果还有double类型元素，则结构体存储空间按double类型占用字节对其。针对该特性特意编写如下测试代码：


/* run this program using the console pauser or add your own getch, system("pause") or input loop */

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    int i = 0;
    printf("struct test...\r\n"); 
    
    struct _s
    {
        unsigned char elem;
        unsigned int elem1;   /*int 存储空间为4字节*/ 
    }s = {3, 4};
    
    struct _t
    {
        unsigned char elem;
        unsigned int elem2;  
        double elem1;       /*double 存储空间为8字节*/  
    }t = {8, 9, 9.9};
    
    struct _y
    {
        unsigned char elem;
        double elem1;       /*double 存储空间为8字节*/  
        unsigned int elem2;  
    }y;
    
    printf("int char = %d\r\n", sizeof(int)/sizeof(char));
    printf("float char = %d\r\n", sizeof(float)/sizeof(char));
    printf("double char = %d\r\n", sizeof(double)/sizeof(char));
    printf("struct _y char count = %d\r\n", sizeof(struct _y)/sizeof(char));
    
    /* 默认输出 */
    printf("struct _s char count = %d\r\n", sizeof(struct _s)/sizeof(char));
    for( i=0; i< sizeof(struct _s)/sizeof(char); ++i)
        printf("index %d = %d, ", i, *((unsigned char*)(&s)+i));
        
    printf("struct _t char count = %d\r\n", sizeof(struct _t)/sizeof(char));
    for( i=0; i< sizeof(struct _t)/sizeof(char); ++i)
        printf("index %d = %d, ", i, *((unsigned char*)(&t)+i));
    
    
    /* 将struct _s的存储空间所有字节赋值为0 */
    for( i=0; i< sizeof(struct _s)/sizeof(char); ++i)
        *((unsigned char*)(&s)+i) = 0;
    s.elem = 2;
    s.elem1 = 5;
    
    for( i=0; i< sizeof(struct _t)/sizeof(char); ++i)
        *((unsigned char*)(&t)+i) = 0;
    t.elem = 8;
    t.elem2 = 9.9;
    t.elem1 = 6;
    
    printf("\r\nstruct _s char count = %d\r\n", sizeof(struct _s)/sizeof(char));
    for( i=0; i< sizeof(struct _s)/sizeof(char); ++i)
        printf("index %d = %d, ", i, *((unsigned char*)(&s)+i));
        
    printf("\r\nstruct _t char count = %d\r\n", sizeof(struct _t)/sizeof(char));
    for( i=0; i< sizeof(struct _t)/sizeof(char); ++i)
        printf("index %d = %d, ", i, *((unsigned char*)(&t)+i));
    
    return 0;
}