python中动态创建变量的探索 locals(), exec()

最近用到了python的动态变量. 遇到的问题和一些使用方法记录一下.

在全局作用域中, locals()和globals()代表同一个全局作用域字典变量， 因此在全局作用域使用locals()和globals()增加变量效果是一样的：

>>> if globals() == locals():
...     print 'yes'
... 
yes


>>> lc = locals()
>>> lc['hi'] = 'hello'
>>> hi
'hello'
>>> 

这个也没什么争议， 网上搜索很多， 问题就出在locals()做为函数或者类的局部作用域时：

>>> def test():
...     lc = locals()
...     lc['aa'] = 'world'
...     print aa
... 
>>> test()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "<stdin>", line 4, in test
NameError: global name 'aa' is not defined
>>> 

>>> def test1():
...     print locals()
...     lc = locals()
...     lc['aa'] = 'world'
...     print locals()
... 
>>> test1()
{}
{'aa': 'world', 'lc': {...}}aa' is not defined
>>> 

函数test() 报错为没有找到全局变量'aa', 而函数test1()可以看到使用locals()返回的字典变量可以给局部作用域添加变量,  所以网上说的locals()是只读的说法不正确, 另外一个证明locals()只读不正确的示例如下:

>>> def test():
...     lc = locals()
...     lc['bb'] = 'hello world'
...     print bb
... 
>>> test()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "<stdin>", line 4, in test
NameError: global name 'bb' is not defined

>>> def test1():
...     print locals()
...     lc = locals()
...     lc['bb'] = 'hello world'
...     exec("print bb")
... 
>>> test1()
{}
hello world

这里很明显, 使用exec()是可以找到这个通过locals()创建的局部变量, 这种方法在python35也是可以的.