mysql 存储过程 case others_MySQL存储过程学习笔记

什么是存储过程

简单的说，就是一组SQL语句集，功能强大，可以实现一些比较复杂的逻辑功能，类似于JAVA语言中的方法；

有哪些特性

有输入输出参数，可以声明变量，有if/else, case,while等控制语句，通过编写存储过程，可以实现复杂的逻辑功能；

函数的普遍特性：模块化，封装，代码复用；

速度快，只有首次执行需经过编译和优化步骤，后续被调用可以直接执行，省去以上步骤；

我第一个存储过程

MyFirstProcedure.sql 简单的加法

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `proc_adder`;

DELIMITER ;;

CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` PROCEDURE `proc_adder`(IN a int, IN b int, OUT sum int)

BEGIN

#Routine body goes here...

DECLARE c int;

if a is null then set a = 0;

end if;

if b is null then set b = 0;

end if;

set sum = a + b;

END

;;

DELIMITER ;

set @a=2;

set @b=5;

call proc_adder(@a,@b,@s);--调用存储过程

select @s as sum;

其中需说明的是

DELIMITER ;;：之前说过了，把默认的输入的结束符;替换成;;。

DEFINER：创建者；

运行结果

创建 MySQL 存储过程的简单语法

create procedure 存储过程名字()

(

[in|out|inout] 参数 datatype

)

begin

MySQL 语句;

end;

IN为默认类型，值必须在调用时指定，值不能返回(值传递) ；

OUT值可以返回(指针传递) ；

INOUT值必须在调用时指定，值可以返回  ；

使用DECLARE来声明，DEFAULT赋默认值，SET赋值 ，例

1.DECLARE counter INT DEFAULT 0;  /*默认为0*/

2.SET counter = counter+1;            /*- 自增+1*/

注意

1.MySQL 存储过程注释格式为/*......*/，不能是//；

2.MySQL 存储过程中的每条语句的末尾，都要加上分号 “;” ；

3. 不能在 MySQL 存储过程中使用 “return” 关键字， “return” 只能出现在函数中；

4.因为 MySQL 存储过程参数没有默认值，所以在调用 MySQL 存储过程时候，不能省略参数。可以用 null 来替代。例：call pr_add(10, null);

5.MySQL5开始支持存储过程功能。

更多例子

1.discounted_price.sql

DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS discounted_price$$

CREATE PROCEDURE discounted_price(normal_price NUMERIC(8, 2), OUT discount_price NUMERIC(8, 2))

BEGIN

IF (normal_price > 500) THEN

SET discount_price = normal_price * .8;

ELSEIF (normal_price > 100) THEN

SET discount_price = normal_price * .9;

ELSE

SET discount_price = normal_price;

END IF;

END$$

DELIMITER ;

call discounted_price(300.02,@r);

select @r as result;

运行结果

注意：ELSEIF 不能写成ELSE IF

2.simple_loop.sql

DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS simple_loop$$

CREATE PROCEDURE simple_loop(OUT counter INT)

BEGIN

SET counter = 0;

my_simple_loop: LOOP

SET counter = counter+1;

IF counter = 10 THEN

LEAVE my_simple_loop;

END IF;

END LOOP my_simple_loop;

END$$

DELIMITER ;

call simple_loop(@r);

select @r as result;

运行结果：

3.proc_case.sql

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `proc_case`;

DELIMITER ;;

CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` PROCEDURE `proc_case`(IN type int)

BEGIN

#Routine body goes here...

DECLARE c varchar(500);

CASE type

WHEN 0 THEN

set c = 'param is 0';

WHEN 1 THEN

set c = 'param is 1';

ELSE

set c = 'param is others, not 0 or 1';

END CASE;

select c;

END

;;

DELIMITER ;

set @type=1;

call proc_case(@type);

运行结果：

4.simple_while.sql

DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS simple_while$$

CREATE PROCEDURE simple_while(OUT counter INT)

BEGIN

SET counter = 0;

WHILE counter != 10 DO

SET counter = counter+1;

END WHILE;

END$$

DELIMITER ;

call simple_while(@r);

select @r as result;

运行结果

5.simple_repeat.sql

DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS simple_repeat$$

CREATE PROCEDURE simple_repeat(OUT counter INT)

BEGIN

SET counter = 0;

REPEAT

SET counter = counter+1;

UNTIL counter = 10 END REPEAT;

END$$

DELIMITER ;

call simple_repeat(@r);

select @r as result;

运行结果：

6.simple_cursor_into.sql

DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXITS cursor_example$$

CREATE PROCEDURE cursor_example()

READS SQL DATA

BEGIN

DECLARE l_employee_id INT;

DECLARE l_salary NUMERIC(8,2);

DECLARE l_department_id INT;

DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0;

DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR SELECT employee_id, salary, department_id FROM employees;

DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done=1;

OPEN cur1;

emp_loop: LOOP

FETCH cur1 INTO l_employee_id, l_salary, l_department_id;

IF done=1 THEN

LEAVE emp_loop;

END IF;

END LOOP emp_loop;

CLOSE cur1;

END$$

DELIMITER ;

其中

1. 异常处理。如果用cursor获取SELECT语句返回的所有结果集时应该定义NOT FOUND error handler来防止存储程序提前终结 。如果SQL语句可能返回constraint violation等错误时应该创建一个handler来防止程序终结 ；

2. INTO用于存储单行记录的查询结果  ；

3.CURSOR用于处理多行记录的查询结果 ；

7. SELECT语句用于存储过程返回结果集

DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS sp_emps_in_dept$$

CREATE PROCEDURE sp_emps_in_dept(in_employee_id INT)

BEGIN

SELECT employee_id, surname, firstname, address1, address2, zipcode, date_of_birth FROM employees WHERE department_id=in_employee_id;

END$$

DELIMITER ;

8. UPDATE、INSERT、DELETE、CREATE TABLE等非查询语句也可以嵌入存储过程里

DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXITS sp_update_salary$$

CREATE PROCEDURE sp_update_salary(in_employee_id INT, in_new_salary NUMERIC(8,2))

BEGIN

IF in_new_salary < 5000 OR in_new_salary > 500000 THEN

SELECT "Illegal salary: salary must be between $5000 and $500, 000";

ELSE

UPDATE employees SET salary=in_new_salary WHERE employee_id=in_employee_id;

END IF:

END$$

DELIMITER ;

9. 使用CALL调用存储程序

DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS call_example$$

CREATE PROCEDURE call_example(employee_id INT, employee_type VARCHAR(20))

NO SQL

BEGIN

DECLARE l_bonus_amount NUMERIC(8,2);

IF employee_type='MANAGER' THEN

CALL calc_manager_bonus(employee_id, l_bonus_amount);

ELSE

CALL calc_minion_bonus(employee_id, l_bonus_amount);

END IF;

CALL grant_bonus(employee_id, l_bonus_amount);

END$$

DELIMITER ;

10.综合例子

CREATE PROCEDURE putting_it_all_together(in_department_id INT)

MODIFIES SQL DATA

BEGIN

DECLARE l_employee_id INT;

DECLARE l_salary NUMERIC(8,2);

DECLARE l_department_id INT;

DECLARE l_new_salary NUMERIC(8,2);

DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0;

DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR

SELECT employee_id, salary, department_id

FROM employees

WHERE department_id=in_department_id;

DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done=1;

CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE IF NOT EXISTS emp_raises

(employee_id INT, department_id INT, new_salary NUMERIC(8,2));

OPEN cur1;

emp_loop: LOOP

FETCH cur1 INTO l_employee_id, l_salary, l_department_id;

IF done=1 THEN /* No more rows */

LEAVE emp_loop;

END IF;

CALL new_salary(1_employee_id, l_new_salary); /* Get new salary */

IF (l_new_salary <> l_salary) THEN /* Salary changed */

UPDATE employees

SET salary=l_new_salary

WHERE employee_id=l_employee_id;

/* Keep track of changed salaries */

INSERT INTO emp_raises(employee_id, department_id, new_salary)

VALUES (l_employee_id, l_department_id, l_new_salary);

END IF:

END LOOP emp_loop;

CLOSE cur1;

/* Print out the changed salaries */

SELECT employee_id, department_id, new_salary from emp_raises

ORDER BY employee_id;

END;

查看已有的存储过程

1.

select `name` from MySQL.proc where db = 'your_db_name' and `type` = 'PROCEDURE';

2.

show procedure status;

查看存储过程创建代码

show create procedure proc_name;

执行脚本文件的命令

source d:/a/b.sql;

不是

source d:\a\b.sql;

参考文献

1.Mysql中的存储过程[http://www.cnblogs.com/chenpi/p/5136483.html]

2.mysql存储过程 基本语法[http://www.cnblogs.com/lxs1314/p/5945428.html]

3.mysql查看所有存储过程[http://blog.csdn.net/god123209/article/details/7577138]