微服务Spring Cloud入门介绍（二）

最新推荐文章于 2021-01-13 16:17:17 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2021-01-13 16:17:17 发布 · 134 阅读

1 ·

CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

本文详细介绍了一个微服务场景的搭建过程，包括服务提供者与消费者的创建，以及如何利用Eureka进行服务注册与发现，实现了服务间的解耦和远程调用。

摘要生成于 C知道，由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持，前往体验 >

4.微服务场景模拟

首先，我们需要模拟一个服务调用的场景，搭建两个工程：grade-service-provider（服务提供方）和grade-service-consumer（服务调用方）。

服务提供方：使用mybatis操作数据库，实现对数据的增删改查；并对外提供rest接口服务。

服务消费方：使用restTemplate远程调用服务提供方的rest接口服务，获取数据。

4.1.服务提供者

新建一个项目：grade-service-provider，对外提供根据id查询学生的服务。

4.1.1.Spring脚手架创建工程

借助于Spring提供的快速搭建工具：

next-->填写项目信息：

next --> 添加web依赖：

添加mybatis依赖：

Next --> 填写项目位置：

生成的项目结构，已经包含了引导类（GradeServiceProviderApplication）：

在pom导入相关依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.1.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>cn.grade.service</groupId>
    <artifactId>grade-service-provider</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>grade-service-provider</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.3</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mapper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.4</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <!-- SpringCloud的依赖 -->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Hoxton.SR5</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

说明，这是通用mapper的依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
    <artifactId>mapper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.4</version>
</dependency>

创建如下目录结构

4.1.2.1.配置

属性文件,这里我们采用了yaml语法，而不是properties：

server:
  port: 8081
spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/grade?serverTimezone=GMT%2B8
    username: root
    password: root
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
mybatis:
  type-aliases-package: cn.grade.service.entity

4.1.2.2.实体类

创建student表数据

Student实体类

@Table(name = "student")
public class Student {
    
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;

    // 学生姓名
    private String sname;

    // 学生学号
    private String sno;

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getSname() {
        return sname;
    }

    public void setSname(String sname) {
        this.sname = sname;
    }

    public String getSno() {
        return sno;
    }

    public void setSno(String sno) {
        this.sno = sno;
    }
}

4.1.2.3.StudentMapper

@Mapper
public interface StudentMapper extends tk.mybatis.mapper.common.Mapper<Student>{
    
}

4.1.2.4.StudentService

@Service
public class StudentService {
    @Autowired
    private StudentMapper studentMapper;

    public Student queryById(Long id) {
        return this.studentMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(id);
    }
}

4.1.2.5.StudentController

添加一个对外查询的接口：

@RestController
@RequestMapping("student/")
public class StudentController {

    @Autowired
    private StudentService studentService;

    @GetMapping("getByid/{id}")
    public Student queryById(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
        return this.studentService.queryById(id);
    }
}

4.1.3.启动并测试

启动项目，访问接口：http://localhost:8081/student/getByid/1

OK,大功告成了，这样服务提供者就创建完成了！，接下来，就开始创建服务注册中心(这次基于Eureka )、服务调用者（grade-service-consumer ），网关（zuul）、Feign客户端

注：如果因为maven依赖、jdk相关配置问题，可以百度

4.1.4.Eureka注册中心

原理图

Eureka：就是服务注册中心（可以是一个集群），对外暴露自己的地址
提供者：启动后向Eureka注册自己信息（地址，提供什么服务）
消费者：向Eureka订阅服务，Eureka会将对应服务的所有提供者地址列表发送给消费者，并且定期更新
心跳(续约)：提供者定期通过http方式向Eureka刷新自己的状态

搭建EurekaServer

选择依赖：EurekaServer-服务注册中心依赖，Eureka Discovery-服务提供方和服务消费方。因为，对于eureka来说：服务提供方和服务消费方都属于客户端

项目结构

完整的Pom文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.1.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>cn.grade.eureka</groupId>
    <artifactId>grade-eureka</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>grade-eureka</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR6</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

编写application.yml配置：

server:
  port: 10086
spring:
  application:
    name: eureka-server
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:${server.port}/eureka

修改引导类，在类上添加@EnableEurekaServer注解：

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer // 声明当前springboot应用是一个eureka服务中心
public class BnzErurkaApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(BnzErurkaApplication.class, args);
    }
}

启动服务，并访问：http://127.0.0.1:10086

4.2.服务调用者

搭建grade-service-consumer服务消费方工程。

4.2.1.创建工程

与上面类似，这里不再赘述，需要注意的是，我们调用grade-service-provider的解耦获取数据，因此不需要mybatis相关依赖了。

项目结构

pom：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.1.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>cn.grade.service</groupId>
    <artifactId>grade-service-consumer</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>grade-service-consumer</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR5</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

4.2.2.编写代码

编写配置（application.yml）：

server:
  port: 8082
spring:
  application:
    name: service-consumer
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:10086/eureka

编写StudentClient

@FeignClient(value = "grade-provider") // 标注该类是一个feign接口
public interface StudentClient {

    @GetMapping(value = "student/getByid/{id}")
    @ResponseBody
    Student getStudent(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
}

编写StudentController

@RestController
@RequestMapping("consumer/")
public class StudentController {

    @Autowired
    private StudentClient client;


    @GetMapping("getByid/{id}")
    public Student getStudent(@PathVariable("id") Long id ) {
        Student student = client.getStudent(id);
        return student;
    }
}

编写实体类Student

public class Student {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;


    private Long id;

    // 学生姓名
    private String sname;

    // 学生学号
    private String sno;

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getSname() {
        return sname;
    }

    public void setSname(String sname) {
        this.sname = sname;
    }

    public String getSno() {
        return sno;
    }

    public void setSno(String sno) {
        this.sno = sno;
    }
}

启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
public class GradeServiceConsumerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(GradeServiceConsumerApplication.class, args);
    }

}

4.2.2.修改服务提供者（grade-service-provider）代码

pom添加Eureka客户端依赖

        <!-- Eureka客户端 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

修改yml文件，添加eureka端口，以及设置application名称

server:
  port: 8081
spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/grade?serverTimezone=GMT%2B8
    username: root
    password: root
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
  application:
    name: grade-provider
    main:
      allow-bean-definition-overriding: true
mybatis:
  type-aliases-package: cn.grade.service.entity
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:10086/eureka

启动类添加服务发现注解

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class GradeServiceProviderApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(GradeServiceProviderApplication.class, args);
    }

}

最后重新启动三个服务