MySQL 中 HAVING 子句详解

MySQL 中 HAVING 子句详解

HAVING 是 MySQL 中用于对分组后的结果进行筛选的子句，它与 GROUP BY 子句配合使用，类似于 WHERE 子句，但作用于分组后的数据而非原始数据。

一、基本语法

SELECT column_name(s), aggregate_function(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition
GROUP BY column_name(s)
HAVING condition
ORDER BY column_name(s);

二、HAVING 与 WHERE 的区别

三、基本用法示例

1. 简单 HAVING 使用

-- 找出员工数量超过5人的部门
SELECT department, COUNT(*) AS emp_count
FROM employees
GROUP BY department
HAVING emp_count > 5;

2. 使用聚合函数条件

-- 找出平均工资超过5000的部门
SELECT department, AVG(salary) AS avg_salary
FROM employees
GROUP BY department
HAVING AVG(salary) > 5000;