设计模式-职责链模式

设计模式-职责链模式

基本介绍

1. 职责链模式（Chain of Responsibility Pattern），又叫责任链模式，为请求对象创建了一个接收者对象的链。这种模式对请求的发送者和接收者进行解耦。
2. 职责链模式通常每个接收者通常都包含对另一个接收者的引用。如果一个对象请求不能处理该请求，那么他会把相同的请求传给下一个接收者，以此类推
3. 这种设计模式属于行为模式

职责链模式的注意事项和细节

1. 将请求和处理分开，实现解耦，提高系统灵活性
2. 简化了对象，使对象不需要知道链的结构
3. 性能会受到影响，特别在链比较长的时候，因此需要控制链中最大节点数量，一般在Handler中设置一个最大节点数量，在setNext()方法中判断是否已经超出阈值，超过则不允许该链建立，避免出现超长链无意识地破坏系统性能
4. 调试不方便。采用了类似递归的方式，调用时逻辑比较复杂
5. 最佳的应用场景：有多个对象可以处理同一个请求时，比如：多级请求，请假/加薪等审批流程，java web中tomcat对Encoding的处理、拦截器

代码实现

通过代码实现金额审批的功能

//请求审批的信息类
public class PurchaseRequest {

	private int type;
	
	private float price = 0.0f;
	
	private int id = 0;

	public PurchaseRequest(int type, float price, int id) {
		this.type = type;
		this.price = price;
		this.id = id;
	}

	public int getType() {
		return type;
	}

	public float getPrice() {
		return price;
	}

	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	
}

//审批人员父类，聚合一个审批人员
public abstract class Approver {

	Approver approver;
	
	String name;

	public Approver(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public void setApprover(Approver approver) {
		this.approver = approver;
	}
	
	//处理审批请求
	public abstract void processRequest(PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest);
	
}

//主任审批
public class DepartmentApprover extends Approver {

	public DepartmentApprover(String name) {
		super(name);
	}

	@Override
	public void processRequest(PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest) {
		if (purchaseRequest.getPrice() <= 5000) {
			System.out.println("请求编号" + purchaseRequest.getId() + "被" + this.name + "处理");
		} else {
			approver.processRequest(purchaseRequest);
		}
	}

}

//院长审批
public class CollegeApprover extends Approver {

	public CollegeApprover(String name) {
		super(name);
	}

	@Override
	public void processRequest(PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest) {
		if (purchaseRequest.getPrice() <= 10000) {
			System.out.println("请求编号" + purchaseRequest.getId() + "被" + this.name + "处理");
		} else {
			approver.processRequest(purchaseRequest);
		}
	}

}

//校长审批
public class SchoolApprover extends Approver {

	public SchoolApprover(String name) {
		super(name);
	}

	@Override
	public void processRequest(PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest) {
		if (purchaseRequest.getPrice() <= 20000) {
			System.out.println("请求编号" + purchaseRequest.getId() + "被" + this.name + "处理");
		} else {
			approver.processRequest(purchaseRequest);
		}
	}

}

//客户端调用
public class Client {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest = new PurchaseRequest(1, 5000, 1);
		
		Approver approver1 = new DepartmentApprover("张主任");
		Approver approver2 = new CollegeApprover("李院长");
		Approver approver3 = new SchoolApprover("校长");
		approver1.setApprover(approver2);
		approver2.setApprover(approver3);
		approver3.setApprover(approver1);
		
		approver1.processRequest(purchaseRequest);
	}

}