在 MySQL 中，通过存储过程结合条件判断来实现添加表字段时，如果字段已存在则不再重复添加

-- 创建存储过程
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE add_column(
    IN db_name VARCHAR(255),
    IN table_name VARCHAR(255),
    IN column_name VARCHAR(255),
    IN column_definition VARCHAR(255),
    IN column_comment VARCHAR(255)
)
BEGIN
    DECLARE column_exists INT;

    -- 检查字段是否存在
    SELECT COUNT(*) INTO column_exists
    FROM information_schema.columns
    WHERE table_schema = db_name
      AND table_name = table_name
      AND column_name = column_name;

    -- 如果字段不存在，则添加字段
    IF column_exists = 0 THEN
        SET @sql = CONCAT('ALTER TABLE ', db_name, '.', table_name,'ADD COLUMN ', column_name,'', column_definition, ' COMMENT \'', column_comment, '\'');
        PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
        EXECUTE stmt;
        DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
    END IF;
END $$
DELIMITER ;

-- 调用存储过程
CALL add_column('your_database', 'your_table', 'new_column', 'INT', '这是新字段的备注信息');