Go by Example: Text Templates

本文介绍了Go语言如何使用text/template和html/template包创建动态内容。这两个包提供了类似的API,后者增加了安全性,特别适合生成HTML。示例展示了如何解析和执行模板,包括传递不同类型的参数,如字符串、整数、切片,以及结构体和映射。此外,还涵盖了条件判断(if/else)和循环(range)在模板中的应用。

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英文源地址
Go为创建动态内容或使用text/template包向用户显示自定义输出提供了内置支持. 一个名为html/template的同级包提供了相同的API, 但具有额外的安全性, 应该用于生成HTML.

package main

import (
	"os"
	"text/template"
)

func main() {
	// 我们可以创建一个新的模板, 并从字符串中解析它的主体.
	// 模板是静态文本和包含在{{...}},用于动态插入内容.
	t1 := template.New("t1")
	t1, err := t1.Parse("Value is {{.}}\n")
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	// 或者, 我们可以使用模板.
	// 如果Parse返回错误, Must函数会触发panic.
	// 这对于在全局作用域中初始化的模板尤其有用
	t1 = template.Must(t1.Parse("Value: {{.}}\n"))

	// 通过Execute模板, 我们为其操作生成带有特定值的文本
	// {{.}}行为被作为参数传递给Execute的值所取代
	t1.Execute(os.Stdout, "some text")
	t1.Execute(os.Stdout, 5)
	t1.Execute(os.Stdout, []string{
		"Go",
		"Rust",
		"C++",
		"C#",
	})
	// 我们将在下面使用的辅助函数
	Create := func(name, t string) *template.Template {
		return template.Must(template.New(name).Parse(t))
	}
	// 如果数据是结构体, 则可以使用{{.FileName}}来访问它的字段.
	// 这些字段应该导出, 以便在模板执行时可以访问.
	t2 := Create("t2", "Name: {{.Name}}\n")
	t2.Execute(os.Stdout, struct {
		Name string
	}{"Jane Doe"})
	// 这同样适用于字典, 对于映射, 对键名的大小写没有限制
	t2.Execute(os.Stdout, map[string]string{
		"Name": "Mickey Mouse",
	})

	// if/else 模板提供条件执行.
	// 如果一个值是类型的默认值, 例如0, 空字符串, nil指针等, 则该值被认为是false
	// 这个示例演示了模板的另一个特性: 使用-in操作来修剪空格
	t3 := Create("t3",
		"{{if . -}} yes {{else -}} no {{end}}\n")
	t3.Execute(os.Stdout, "not empty")
	t3.Execute(os.Stdout, "")

	// range块允许我们循环遍历切片,数组,映射或通道.
	// 在range块内{{.}}被设置为迭代的当前项
	t4 := Create("t4",
		"Range: {{range .}}{{.}} {{end}}\n")
	t4.Execute(os.Stdout,
		[]string{
			"Go",
			"Rust",
			"C++",
			"C#",
		})
}
$ go run templates.go 
Value: some text
Value: 5
Value: [Go Rust C++ C#]
Name: Jane Doe
Name: Mickey Mouse
yes 
no 
Range: Go Rust C++ C# 

下一节将介绍: 正则表达式

D:\workview\box1\.venv\Scripts\python.exe "D:\workview\box1\专业 - 年级分布桑基图与堆叠柱状图.py" Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\workview\box1\专业 - 年级分布桑基图与堆叠柱状图.py", line 132, in <module> plot_major_sankey() File "D:\workview\box1\专业 - 年级分布桑基图与堆叠柱状图.py", line 54, in plot_major_sankey fig = go.Figure(go.Sankey( ^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\workview\box1\.venv\Lib\site-packages\plotly\graph_objs\_sankey.py", line 955, in __init__ self._set_property("node", arg, node) File "D:\workview\box1\.venv\Lib\site-packages\plotly\basedatatypes.py", line 4422, in _set_property _set_property_provided_value(self, name, arg, provided) File "D:\workview\box1\.venv\Lib\site-packages\plotly\basedatatypes.py", line 398, in _set_property_provided_value obj[name] = val ~~~^^^^^^ File "D:\workview\box1\.venv\Lib\site-packages\plotly\basedatatypes.py", line 4944, in __setitem__ self._set_compound_prop(prop, value) File "D:\workview\box1\.venv\Lib\site-packages\plotly\basedatatypes.py", line 5355, in _set_compound_prop val = validator.validate_coerce(val, skip_invalid=self._skip_invalid) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\workview\box1\.venv\Lib\site-packages\_plotly_utils\basevalidators.py", line 2489, in validate_coerce v = self.data_class(v, skip_invalid=skip_invalid, _validate=_validate) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\workview\box1\.venv\Lib\site-packages\plotly\graph_objs\sankey\_node.py", line 684, in __init__ self._process_kwargs(**dict(arg, **kwargs)) File "D:\workview\box1\.venv\Lib\site-packages\plotly\basedatatypes.py", line 4470, in _process_kwargs raise err ValueError: Invalid property specified for object of type plotly.graph_objs.sankey.Node: 'font' Did you mean "line"? Valid properties: align Sets the alignment method used to position the nodes along the horizontal axis. color Sets the `node` color. It can be a single value, or an array for specifying color for each `node`. If `node.color` is omitted, then the default `Plotly` color palette will be cycled through to have a variety of colors. These defaults are not fully opaque, to allow some visibility of what is beneath the node. colorsrc Sets the source reference on Chart Studio Cloud for `color`. customdata Assigns extra data to each node. customdatasrc Sets the source reference on Chart Studio Cloud for `customdata`. groups Groups of nodes. Each group is defined by an array with the indices of the nodes it contains. Multiple groups can be specified. hoverinfo Determines which trace information appear when hovering nodes. If `none` or `skip` are set, no information is displayed upon hovering. But, if `none` is set, click and hover events are still fired. hoverlabel :class:`plotly.graph_objects.sankey.node.Hoverlabel` instance or dict with compatible properties hovertemplate Template string used for rendering the information that appear on hover box. Note that this will override `hoverinfo`. Variables are inserted using %{variable}, for example "y: %{y}" as well as %{xother}, {%_xother}, {%_xother_}, {%xother_}. When showing info for several points, "xother" will be added to those with different x positions from the first point. An underscore before or after "(x|y)other" will add a space on that side, only when this field is shown. Numbers are formatted using d3-format's syntax %{variable:d3-format}, for example "Price: %{y:$.2f}". https://github.com/d3/d3-format/tree/v1.4.5#d3-format for details on the formatting syntax. Dates are formatted using d3-time-format's syntax %{variable|d3-time-format}, for example "Day: %{2019-01-01|%A}". https://github.com/d3/d3-time- format/tree/v2.2.3#locale_format for details on the date formatting syntax. The variables available in `hovertemplate` are the ones emitted as event data described at this link https://plotly.com/javascript/plotlyjs-events/#event- data. Additionally, every attributes that can be specified per-point (the ones that are `arrayOk: true`) are available. Variables `sourceLinks` and `targetLinks` are arrays of link objects.Finally, the template string has access to variables `value` and `label`. Anything contained in tag `<extra>` is displayed in the secondary box, for example "<extra>{fullData.name}</extra>". To hide the secondary box completely, use an empty tag `<extra></extra>`. hovertemplatesrc Sets the source reference on Chart Studio Cloud for `hovertemplate`. label The shown name of the node. labelsrc Sets the source reference on Chart Studio Cloud for `label`. line :class:`plotly.graph_objects.sankey.node.Line` instance or dict with compatible properties pad Sets the padding (in px) between the `nodes`. thickness Sets the thickness (in px) of the `nodes`. x The normalized horizontal position of the node. xsrc Sets the source reference on Chart Studio Cloud for `x`. y The normalized vertical position of the node. ysrc Sets the source reference on Chart Studio Cloud for `y`. Did you mean "line"? Bad property path: font ^^^^ 进程已结束,退出代码为 1
06-26
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