这是我到某公司第二天就接到的小项目——驱动WS2812 ARGB灯环。那时候我STM32玩的还不太行,用STM8的水平倒是半斤八两。第一眼看WS2812的时序,我非常头大。然后,我从Github上找到了能用的代码,是STM8的,成功点亮并进行颜色设置。可它的ARGB底层驱动是汇编语言编写的,我不懂如何移植到STM32上。
驱动WS2812b最重要的就是时序,不论用哪种片上外设,还是用GPIO模拟方式,都是在控制高低电平的持续时间。目前,想要发送数据,除去用GPIO模拟,还有UART、I2C、SPI这些外设:
1、UART的波特率连续可调,但带有低电平的起始位没法忽略;
2、I2C的工作速度不合适;
3、只剩下SPI了,它的波特率分档可调,可以用来发送字节数据,也没有起始位和停止位,空闲时可设置为高电平。
以WS2812b为例,其数据发送速度为800Kbps,每个周期发送一个bit(CODE1或CODE0,前者的占空比比后者高)。如果用SPI发送的byte模拟WS2812的bit,那么,要把SPI的速度设定在800K8=6.4Mbps。但SPI的波特率只能是系统时钟的整数分频,在6.4M附近的SPI波特率只有9M和4.5M。好在根据WS2812b的数据手册,单个bit有很大的时间容差(TH+TL=1.25μs±600ns),当SPI波特率为9M时,换算得到bit的发送周期为18/9M=0.89us,落在了该区间内。因此,只要确定CODE1和CODE0对应的数值即可(代码中有)。
/* Define to prevent recursive inclusion -------------------------------------*/
#ifndef __WS2812B_H
#define __WS2812B_H
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
/* Exported types ------------------------------------------------------------*/
typedef struct //颜色结构体
{
u8 R;
u8 G;
u8 B;
}RGBColor_TypeDef;
/* Exported constants --------------------------------------------------------*/
#define Pixel_S1_NUM 24 //灯环-1 RGB数量
//用SPI字节 来模拟bit(CODEx)码
#define CODE0 0xC0 //0x80 | 0xC0
#define CODE1 0xFC //0xF8 | 0xFC
/* Exported macro ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Exported variables --------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Exported functions ------------------------------------------------------- */
void WS2812b_Configuration(void);
/* Basic Color Effects -------------------------------------------------------*/
void RGB_RED(u16 Pixel_LEN); //红
void RGB_GREEN(u16 Pixel_LEN); //绿
void RGB_BLUE(u16 Pixel_LEN); //蓝
void RGB_YELLOW(u16 Pixel_LEN); //黄
void RGB_MAGENTA(u16 Pixel_LEN); //紫
void RGB_BLACK(u16 Pixel_LEN); //黑
void RGB_WHITE(u16 Pixel_LEN); //白
/* Complicated Color Effects -------------------------------------------------*/
void rainbowCycle(u8 Pixel_LEN); //彩虹跑马灯
#endif /* __WS2812B_H */
本程序中MCU的系统时钟为72MHz。应用RGB灯效的思路依然是先设定每个灯的颜色,然后通过SPI一起发送。在打开两个高等级的平级中断的情况下,灯环上24颗ARGB的颜色正常。经过实际测试,110 pixels的灯带也能完美驱动!
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "WS2812b.h"
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Some Static Colors --------------------------------------------------------*/
const RGBColor_TypeDef RED = {255,0,0}; //全为最大亮度
const RGBColor_TypeDef GREEN = {0,255,0};
const RGBColor_TypeDef BLUE = {0,0,255};
const RGBColor_TypeDef YELLOW = {255,255,0};
const RGBColor_TypeDef MAGENTA = {255,0,255};
const RGBColor_TypeDef BLACK = {0,0,0};
const RGBColor_TypeDef WHITE = {255,255,255};
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
u8 LedsArray[ ( Pixel_S1_NUM ) * 3 ]; //[Gloable Variables]
/* Private functions ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/**
* @brief WS2812B SPI总线初始化
* @param
*/
void WS2812b_Configuration(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
SPI_InitTypeDef SPI_InitStructure;
/* Enable peripheral clocks ------------------------------------------------*/
/* GPIOA,SPI1 clock enable */
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA | RCC_APB2Periph_SPI1, ENABLE);
/* Configure SPI1 pins: MOSI -----------------------------------------------*/
/* Confugure MOSI pins as Alternate Function Push Pull */
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_7 ;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
/* SPI1 configuration ------------------------------------------------------*/
SPI_InitStructure.SPI_Direction = SPI_Direction_1Line_Tx; //SPI1-Tx_Only_Master
SPI_InitStructure.SPI_Mode = SPI_Mode_Master;
SPI_InitStructure.SPI_DataSize = SPI_DataSize_8b;
SPI_InitStructure.SPI_CPOL = SPI_CPOL_High; //IDLE=High
SPI_InitStructure.SPI_CPHA = SPI_CPHA_1Edge;
SPI_InitStructure.SPI_NSS = SPI_NSS_Soft;
SPI_InitStructure.SPI_BaudRatePrescaler = SPI_BaudRatePrescaler_8; //SPI1CLK = 9MHz
SPI_InitStructure.SPI_FirstBit = SPI_FirstBit_MSB;
SPI_InitStructure.SPI_CRCPolynomial = 7; //Default Value
SPI_Init(SPI1, &SPI_InitStructure);
/* Enable SPI1 CRC calculation */
SPI_CalculateCRC(SPI1, DISABLE);
/* Enable SPI1 */
SPI_Cmd(SPI1, ENABLE);
/* RGB RESET ---------------------------------------------------------------*/
Delay_1ms(1);
RGB_BLACK(Pixel_S1_NUM );
Delay_1ms(1);
}
/**
* @brief Transmits one of 24 bits meassages through the SPIx peripheral.
* @param Data: where x can be
* - =0 CODE0
* - >0 CODE1
* @retval None
*/
void SPI_Send_1bit(volatile u8 Data)
{
/* Wait for SPI1 Tx buffer empty */
while (SPI_I2S_GetFlagStatus(SPI1, SPI_I2S_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
/* Send SPI1 data */
switch(Data)
{
case 0: SPI_I2S_SendData(SPI1, CODE0); break;
default: SPI_I2S_SendData(SPI1, CODE1); break;
}
}
/**
* @brief Config colors to a RGB pixel.
* @param
* @retval None
*/
void rgb_SetColor(unsigned char LedId, RGBColor_TypeDef Color)
{
if(LedId > Pixel_S1_NUM ) return; //to avoid overflow
//G-->R-->B
LedsArray[LedId*3] = Color.G;
LedsArray[LedId*3+1] = Color.R;
LedsArray[LedId*3+2] = Color.B;
}
/**
* @brief Apply colors to RGB pixel series.
* @param RGBColor_TypeDef: pointer to a RGBColor_TypeDef structure that
* contains the color configuration information for the RGB pixel.
* @retval None
*/
void rgb_SendArray(void)
{
u8 i;
s16 j;
for(i=0;i<(Pixel_S1_NUM);i++)
{
for(j=7;j>=0;j--) SPI_Send_1bit(LedsArray[i*3] &(1<<j));
for(j=7;j>=0;j--) SPI_Send_1bit(LedsArray[i*3+1]&(1<<j));
for(j=7;j>=0;j--) SPI_Send_1bit(LedsArray[i*3+2]&(1<<j));
}
}
/* Basic Color Effects -------------------------------------------------------*/
/**
* @brief Apply red to the every pixel
* @param Pixel_LEN: the account of RGB pixels in serial
* @retval None
*/
void RGB_RED(u16 Pixel_LEN)
{
u8 i;
for(i=0;i<Pixel_LEN;i++)
rgb_SetColor(i,RED);
rgb_SendArray();
}
/**
* @brief Apply green to the every pixel
* @param Pixel_LEN: the account of RGB pixels in serial
* @retval None
*/
void RGB_GREEN(u16 Pixel_LEN)
{
u8 i;
for(i=0;i<Pixel_LEN;i++)
rgb_SetColor(i,GREEN);
rgb_SendArray();
}
/**
* @brief Apply Blue to the every pixel
* @param Pixel_LEN: the account of RGB pixels in serial
* @retval None
*/
void RGB_BLUE(u16 Pixel_LEN)
{
u8 i;
for(i=0;i<Pixel_LEN;i++)
rgb_SetColor(i,BLUE);
rgb_SendArray();
}
/**
* @brief Apply yellow to the every pixel
* @param Pixel_LEN: the account of RGB pixels in serial
* @retval None
*/
void RGB_YELLOW(u16 Pixel_LEN)
{
u8 i;
for(i=0;i<Pixel_LEN;i++)
rgb_SetColor(i,YELLOW);
rgb_SendArray();
}
/**
* @brief Apply MAGENTA to the every pixel
* @param Pixel_LEN: the account of RGB pixels in serial
* @retval None
*/
void RGB_MAGENTA(u16 Pixel_LEN)
{
u8 i;
for(i=0;i<Pixel_LEN;i++)
rgb_SetColor(i,MAGENTA);
rgb_SendArray();
}
/**
* @brief Apply Black to the every pixel
* @param Pixel_LEN: the account of RGB pixels in serial
* @retval None
*/
void RGB_BLACK(u16 Pixel_LEN)
{
u8 i;
for(i=0;i<Pixel_LEN;i++)
rgb_SetColor(i,BLACK);
rgb_SendArray();
}
/**
* @brief Apply White to the every pixel
* @param Pixel_LEN: the account of RGB pixels in serial
* @retval None
*/
void RGB_WHITE(u16 Pixel_LEN)
{
u8 i;
for(i=0;i<Pixel_LEN;i++)
rgb_SetColor(i,WHITE);
rgb_SendArray();
}
/* Complicated Color Effects -------------------------------------------------*/
RGBColor_TypeDef Colourful_Wheel(u8 WheelPos)
{
WheelPos = 255 - WheelPos;
RGBColor_TypeDef color;
if(WheelPos < 85)
{
color.R = 255 - WheelPos * 3;
color.G = 0;
color.B = WheelPos * 3;
return color;
}
if(WheelPos < 170)
{
WheelPos -= 85;
color.R = 0;
color.G = WheelPos * 3;
color.B = 255 - WheelPos * 3;
return color;
}
WheelPos -= 170;
color.R = WheelPos * 3;
color.G = 255 - WheelPos * 3;
color.B = 0;
return color;
}
void rainbowCycle(u8 Pixel_LEN)
{
u16 i, j=0,k=256;
for( j=0; j<1023; j++) // 1 cycles of all colors on wheel
{
for( i=0; i < Pixel_LEN; i++)
rgb_SetColor(i,Colourful_Wheel(((i * k / Pixel_LEN) + j) & 255)); //k值:RGB像素点之间的差距
rgb_SendArray();
Delay_1ms(10);
}
}
如果把SPI设定在4.5M,是不是需要用SPI的一个字节模拟两个CODEx呢?