剑指 Offer II 063. 替换单词
在英语中,有一个叫做 词根(root) 的概念,它可以跟着其他一些词组成另一个较长的单词——我们称这个词为 继承词(successor)。例如,词根an,跟随着单词 other(其他),可以形成新的单词 another(另一个)。
现在,给定一个由许多词根组成的词典和一个句子,需要将句子中的所有继承词用词根替换掉。如果继承词有许多可以形成它的词根,则用最短的词根替换它。
需要输出替换之后的句子。
示例 1:
输入:dictionary = [“cat”,“bat”,“rat”], sentence = “the cattle was rattled by the battery”
输出:“the cat was rat by the bat”
示例 2:
输入:dictionary = [“a”,“b”,“c”], sentence = “aadsfasf absbs bbab cadsfafs”
输出:“a a b c”
示例 3:
输入:dictionary = [“a”, “aa”, “aaa”, “aaaa”], sentence = “a aa a aaaa aaa aaa aaa aaaaaa bbb baba ababa”
输出:“a a a a a a a a bbb baba a”
示例 4:
输入:dictionary = [“catt”,“cat”,“bat”,“rat”], sentence = “the cattle was rattled by the battery”
输出:“the cat was rat by the bat”
示例 5:
输入:dictionary = [“ac”,“ab”], sentence = “it is abnormal that this solution is accepted”
输出:“it is ab that this solution is ac”
提示:
1 <= dictionary.length <= 1000
1 <= dictionary[i].length <= 100
dictionary[i] 仅由小写字母组成。
1 <= sentence.length <= 10^6
sentence 仅由小写字母和空格组成。
sentence 中单词的总量在范围 [1, 1000] 内。
sentence 中每个单词的长度在范围 [1, 1000] 内。
sentence 中单词之间由一个空格隔开。
sentence 没有前导或尾随空格。
来源:力扣(LeetCode)
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/UhWRSj
著作权归领扣网络所有。商业转载请联系官方授权,非商业转载请注明出处。
分析
前缀树的应用题。
本题很明显是要利用前缀树的,跟上一题类似,首先构建前缀树的数据结构,然后将dictionary的字符串添加到前缀树中,对sentence中的单词进行判断,如果单词的前缀在前缀树中则返回前缀字符串,替换当前单词,否则返回空,当前单词不变。需要注意的是,使用了String的join()方法,该方法的第一个参数是分隔符,后面的参数可以是用逗号隔开的多个字符串,也可以是本题的字符串数组或者动态字符串数组,方法的返回值是连接所有字符串并在字符串中间添加分隔符的字符串。如:
String.join(“-”,“You”,“are”,“Awesome”) 返回"You-are-Awesome"
题解(Java)
class Solution {
static class TrieNode {
TrieNode children[];
boolean isWord;
public TrieNode() {
children = new TrieNode[26];
}
}
public String replaceWords(List<String> dictionary, String sentence) {
TrieNode root = buildTrie(dictionary);
String[] wordArray = sentence.split(" ");
for (int i = 0; i < wordArray.length; i++) {
String prefix = findPrefix(root, wordArray[i]);
if (!"".equals(prefix)) {
wordArray[i] = prefix;
}
}
return String.join(" ", wordArray);
}
private TrieNode buildTrie(List<String> dictionary) {
TrieNode root = new TrieNode();
for (String word : dictionary) {
TrieNode node = root;
for (char ch : word.toCharArray()) {
if (node.children[ch - 'a'] == null) {
node.children[ch - 'a'] = new TrieNode();
}
node = node.children[ch - 'a'];
}
node.isWord = true;
}
return root;
}
private String findPrefix(TrieNode root, String word) {
TrieNode node = root;
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (char ch : word.toCharArray()) {
if (node.isWord || node.children[ch - 'a'] == null) {
break;
}
sb.append(ch);
node = node.children[ch - 'a'];
}
return node.isWord ? sb.toString() : "";
}
}