JavaWeb---三层架构

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已于 2024-09-21 15:32:14 修改

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分类专栏： # JavaEE 文章标签：架构 java 开发语言

于 2024-09-21 08:00:00 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44063529/article/details/142283018

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文章目录

1. 为什么需要分层？
2.软件设计中的分层模式
3.分层
4.三层架构：显示层、业务逻辑层、数据访问层
3. 案例：利用三层架构原理实现编写web程序的流程

摘自：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_64001795/article/details/124112824

1. 为什么需要分层？

业务处理的代码与JSP代码混在一起，不易于阅读，不易于代码维护，采用三层软件设计架构后，软件系统在可扩展性和可复用性方面得到极大提高，

2.软件设计中的分层模式

分层模式是最常见的一种架构模式；甚至可以说分层模式是很多架构模式的基础。
在这里插入图片描述

3.分层

①分层模式是将解决方案的组件分隔不同的层中（分工合作，细化）
②每一层的组件应保持内聚性（部门之间常联系）
③每一层都应与其下面的各层保持松耦合

4.三层架构：显示层、业务逻辑层、数据访问层

在这里插入图片描述

3. 案例：利用三层架构原理实现编写web程序的流程

login.jsp页面

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action ="doLogin.jsp" method = "post">
        账户： <input type = "text" name = "username"/>
        <br><br>
        密码：  <input type = "password" name = "password"/>
        <br><br>
        <input type = "submit" value = "登录"/>
    
    
    </form>
</body>
</html>

dologin.jsp页面

<%@page import="com.zking.news.biz.impl.UsersBizImpl"%>
<%@page import="com.zking.news.biz.IUsersBiz"%>
<%@page import="com.zking.news.entity.Users"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
    
    
    <%
        //设置request编码
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
    
        //获取表单值
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        String password = request.getParameter("password");
        
        
        //实体封装
        Users users = new Users(username,password);
        
        //调用业务逻辑层
        IUsersBiz iub = new UsersBizImpl();
        Users u = iub.usersLogin(users);
        
        if(u!=null){
            session.setAttribute("users", u);
            out.println("ok");
        }else{
            out.println("no");
        }
            
    %>

biz包---->impl包---->UsersBizImpl.java

package com.zking.news.biz.impl;
 
import java.sql.Connection;
 
import com.zking.news.biz.IUsersBiz;
import com.zking.news.dao.IUserDao;
import com.zking.news.dao.impl.UsersDaoImpl;
import com.zking.news.entity.Users;
import com.zking.news.utils.DBHelper;
//目前阶段   业务逻辑层的实现类  直接拿数据访问层的数据操作即可
public class UsersBizImpl implements IUsersBiz {
    //直接实例化数据访问层的dao即可
    private IUserDao iud = new UsersDaoImpl();
 
    @Override
    public Users usersLogin(Users users) {
        
        Connection con = DBHelper.getConn();
        //复杂处理  sql = select * from tb_users where username = ?
        //怎么数据
        return iud.usersLogin(users);
    }
 
}

biz包---->IUsersBiz.java

package com.zking.news.biz;
 
import com.zking.news.entity.Users;
 
public interface IUsersBiz {
    /**
     * 方法功能：用户登录
     * @param Users users 用户实体（封装账户和密码）
     * @return Users users 数据库中返回的实体（方便session保存）
     */
    Users usersLogin(Users users);
    
    
}

Dao包---->Impl包---->UsersDaoImpl.java

package com.zking.news.dao.impl;
 
import java.sql.ResultSet;
 
import com.zking.news.dao.IUserDao;
import com.zking.news.entity.Users;
import com.zking.news.utils.BaseDao;
import com.zking.news.utils.DBHelper;
 
public class UsersDaoImpl extends BaseDao implements IUserDao {
 
    @Override
    public Users usersLogin(Users users) {
        Users u = null;//存储数据库中返出来的用户实体
        //用户登录的sql语句
        String sql = "select * from tb_t281_news_users where username = ? and password = ?";
        //调用Basedao中的通用查询方法  返回一个结果集对象
        ResultSet rs = this.executeQuery(sql, new Object[] {
                users.getUsername(),
                users.getPassword()
        });
        try {
            //判断结果集是否存在记录
            if(rs.next()) {//存在记录
                u = new Users(rs.getInt(1), rs.getString(2), rs.getString(3), rs.getString(4), rs.getString(5), rs.getString(6), rs.getInt(7), rs.getString(8));
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            DBHelper.myClose(conn, ps, rs);
        }
        return u;
    }
 
    
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Users usersLogin = new UsersDaoImpl().usersLogin(new Users("admin", "123"));
        System.out.println(usersLogin);
    }
}

Dao包---->IUserDao.java

package com.zking.news.dao;
 
import com.zking.news.entity.Users;
 
/**
 * 数据访问层接口
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public interface IUserDao {
 
    
    /**
     * 方法功能：用户登录
     * @param Users users 用户实体（封装账户和密码）
     * @return Users users 数据库中返回的实体（方便session保存）
     */
    Users usersLogin(Users users);
    
}

entity包

package com.zking.news.entity;
 
/**
 * 用户实体
 * 
 * @author Administrator
 *
 *         数据表中的字段及类型以及字段的名称 与 实体类一一对应
 *
 *
 */
public class Users {
 
    private int userid;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String usex;
    private String uaddress;
    private String utelphone;
    private int urole;
    private String udate;
 
    public Users() {
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
    
    
    
 
    public Users(String username, String password) {
        super();
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
    }
 
 
 
 
    public Users(String username, String password, String usex, String uaddress, String utelphone, int urole,
            String udate) {
        super();
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
        this.usex = usex;
        this.uaddress = uaddress;
        this.utelphone = utelphone;
        this.urole = urole;
        this.udate = udate;
    }
 
    public Users(int userid, String username, String password, String usex, String uaddress, String utelphone,
            int urole, String udate) {
        super();
        this.userid = userid;
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
        this.usex = usex;
        this.uaddress = uaddress;
        this.utelphone = utelphone;
        this.urole = urole;
        this.udate = udate;
    }
 
    public int getUserid() {
        return userid;
    }
 
    public void setUserid(int userid) {
        this.userid = userid;
    }
 
    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }
 
    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }
 
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }
 
    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
 
    public String getUsex() {
        return usex;
    }
 
    public void setUsex(String usex) {
        this.usex = usex;
    }
 
    public String getUaddress() {
        return uaddress;
    }
 
    public void setUaddress(String uaddress) {
        this.uaddress = uaddress;
    }
 
    public String getUtelphone() {
        return utelphone;
    }
 
    public void setUtelphone(String utelphone) {
        this.utelphone = utelphone;
    }
 
    public int getUrole() {
        return urole;
    }
 
    public void setUrole(int urole) {
        this.urole = urole;
    }
 
    public String getUdate() {
        return udate;
    }
 
    public void setUdate(String udate) {
        this.udate = udate;
    }
 
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Users [userid=" + userid + ", username=" + username + ", password=" + password + ", usex=" + usex
                + ", uaddress=" + uaddress + ", utelphone=" + utelphone + ", urole=" + urole + ", udate=" + udate + "]";
    }
 
}

utils包（BaseDao和DBHelper

package com.zking.news.utils;
 
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
 
public class BaseDao {
    //protected 访问控制符    受保护的
    protected Connection conn =null;
    protected PreparedStatement ps = null;
    protected ResultSet rs = null;
    
 
    /**
     * 方法功能：通用增删改方法
     */
    public int executeUpdate(Connection conn,String sql,Object...x) {
        int n = 0;
        try {
            // a.获取数据库连接
            conn = DBHelper.getConn();
            // b.sql传入方法返回执行对象
            ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            //新增的sql语句  有占位符  
            if(null!=x) {
                //拿到可变参数中的2个值
                for(int i = 0;i<x.length;i++) {
                    //System.out.println(x[i]);
                    ps.setObject(i+1, x[i]);
                }
            }
            n = ps.executeUpdate();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            DBHelper.myClose(conn, ps, null);
        }
        
        return n;
        
    }
    
    
    /**
     * 方法功能：通用查询     查询所有  查询一个   模糊查询
     */
    public ResultSet executeQuery(String sql,Object...x) {
        try {
            // a.获取数据库连接
            conn = DBHelper.getConn();
            // b.sql传入方法返回执行对象
            ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            //新增的sql语句  有占位符  
            if(null!=x) {
                //拿到可变参数中的2个值
                for(int i = 0;i<x.length;i++) {
                    //System.out.println(x[i]);
                    ps.setObject(i+1, x[i]);
                }
            }
            rs = ps.executeQuery();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            //不能关闭    通用的查询base方法  不能实现数据库关闭
            //DBHelper.myClose(conn, ps, null);
        }
        
        return rs;
        
    }
        
}

package com.zking.news.utils;
 
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
 
/**
 * 数据库帮助类
 * 
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class DBHelper {
 
    private static final String URL = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl";
 
    // 1.加载驱动 静态代码块进行封装 优先级别最高（静态代码块>普通代码块>构造函数）
    static {
        try {
            // OracleDriver
            Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
 
    // 2.建立数据库连接
    public static Connection getConn() {
        Connection conn = null;
        try {
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, "scott", "123");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return conn;
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // System.out.println(DBHelper.getConn());
    }
 
    // 3.关闭服务
    /**
     * 方法功能：数据库服务关闭
     * 
     * @param conn
     *            连接对象
     * @param ps
     *            执行对象
     * @param rs
     *            结果集对象
     */
    public static void myClose(Connection conn, PreparedStatement ps, ResultSet rs) {
        try {
            if (null != conn && !conn.isClosed()) {
                conn.close();
            }
            if (null != ps) {
                ps.close();
            }
            if (null != rs) {
                rs.close();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
 
}