MySQL部署

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本文详细介绍了MySQL的tar包部署过程，包括上传下载的MySQL包、检查安装、解压、创建组和用户、配置文件创建与修改、权限设置、安装、服务配置、启动与登录，以及密码更新和用户清理等步骤。

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MySQL的tar包部署

1.rz上传下载好的MySQL包

[root@hadoop001 ~]# rz
rz waiting to receive.
Starting zmodem transfer.  Press Ctrl+C to cancel.
Transferring mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz...
mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz was skipped

将下载好的tar包移动到/usr/local/目录下

[root@hadoop001 ~]# mv mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz /usr/local/
[root@hadoop001 ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@hadoop001 local]# ll
total 304512
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root       root      4096 Sep 23  2011 bin
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root       root      4096 Sep 23  2011 etc
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root       root      4096 Sep 23  2011 games
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root       root      4096 Sep 23  2011 include
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root       root      4096 Sep 23  2011 lib
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root       root      4096 Sep 23  2011 lib64
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root       root      4096 Sep 23  2011 libexec
drwxr-xr-x. 17 mysqladmin dba       4096 Jun 12 03:33 mysql
-rwxrwxrwx.  1 root       root 311771412 May 17 10:03 mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root       root      4096 Sep 23  2011 sbin
drwxr-xr-x.  5 root       root      4096 May 19 01:03 share
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root       root      4096 Sep 23  2011 src

2.Check isnot install

[root@hadoop001 local]# ps -ef|grep mysqld   查看有没有残留的/后台运行的进程
root      61384  61253  0 10:53 pts/3    00:00:00 grep mysqld
[root@hadoop001 local]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql

3.解压

[root@hadoop001 local]# tar -xzvf mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz  解压
[root@hadoop001 local]# ln -s mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql  软连接

4.创建组和用户

[root@hadoop001 local]# groupadd -g 101 dba

不同的组件服务是由他专属的用户来运行的，即MySQL数据库用mysqladmin来运行，不会用root、不会用jepson等。
101：dba的groupid是101

[root@hadoop001 local]# useradd -u 514 -g dba -G root -d /usr/local/mysql mysqladmin

514：用户的uid
-g dba：主组是dba
-G root：属于root组
-d /usr/local/mysql：指家目录为/usr/local/mysql。如果没有-d，默认家目录为home目录下的mysqladmin
mysqladmin：要创建的用户名称

[root@hadoop001 local]# id mysqladmin
uid=514(mysqladmin) gid=101(dba) groups=101(dba),0(root)

ps：此时没有设置mysql密码，因为工作中不可能通过xshell配置ip、密码登陆，进来的用户肯定能切到mysqladmin用户

if user mysqladmin is existing,please execute the following command of usermod.
如果mysqladmin用户已经存在，请执行以下usermod命令：

[root@hadoop001 local]#  usermod -u 514 -g dba -G root -d /usr/local/mysql mysqladmin

copy 环境变量配置文件至mysqladmin用户的home目录中,为了以下步骤配置个人环境变量

[root@hadoop001 local]# su - mysqladmin
-bash-4.1$ 
-bash-4.1$ cp /etc/skel/.* ./   将隐藏目录拷贝到当前文件夹
cp: omitting directory `/etc/skel/.'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/skel/..'
cp: cannot create regular file `./.bash_logout': Permission denied
cp: cannot create regular file `./.bash_profile': Permission denied
cp: cannot create regular file `./.bashrc': Permission denied
cp: omitting directory `/etc/skel/.gnome2'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/skel/.mozilla'

此时权限受限，应切到权限最大的去做

-bash-4.1$ exit
logout
[root@hadoop001 local]# cp /etc/skel/.* /usr/local/mysql/
cp: omitting directory `/etc/skel/.'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/skel/..'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/skel/.gnome2'
cp: omitting directory `/etc/skel/.mozilla'
[root@hadoop001 local]# su - mysqladmin
[mysqladmin@hadoop001 ~]$

5.创建配置文件（640） Create /etc/my.cnf(640) rw-r-----
mysql的配置文件默认从/etc/my.cnf 文件去读。未来在工作中，很多Linux系统中默认都有这个文件，这个文件默认都有内容。
defualt start: /etc/my.cnf->/etc/mysql/my.cnf->SYSCONFDIR/my.cnf->$MYSQL_HOME/my.cnf-> --defaults-extra-file->~/my.cnf

[root@hadoop001 local]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
#Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

[root@hadoop001 local]# cp /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf20190623

[root@hadoop001 local]# vi /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port            = 3306
socket          = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
 
[mysqld]
port            = 3306
socket          = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock

skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
query_cache_size= 32M
max_allowed_packet = 16M
myisam_sort_buffer_size=128M
tmp_table_size=32M

table_open_cache = 512
thread_cache_size = 8
wait_timeout = 86400
interactive_timeout = 86400
max_connections = 600

# Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency
thread_concurrency = 32

#isolation level and default engine 
default-storage-engine = INNODB
transaction-isolation = READ-COMMITTED

server-id  = 1
basedir     = /usr/local/mysql
datadir     = /usr/local/mysql/data
pid-file     = /usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.pid

#open performance schema
log-warnings
sysdate-is-now

binlog_format = MIXED
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
log-error  = /usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.err
log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/arch/mysql-bin
#other logs
#general_log =1
#general_log_file  = /usr/local/mysql/data/general_log.err
#slow_query_log=1
#slow_query_log_file=/usr/local/mysql/data/slow_log.err

#for replication slave
#log-slave-updates 
#sync_binlog = 1

#for innodb options 
innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data/
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:500M:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/arch
innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
innodb_log_file_size = 200M

#product need adjust
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 50M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 100
#innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog=1

#innodb io features: add for mysql5.5.8
performance_schema
innodb_read_io_threads=4
innodb-write-io-threads=4
innodb-io-capacity=200
#purge threads change default(0) to 1 for purge
innodb_purge_threads=1
innodb_use_native_aio=on

#case-sensitive file names and separate tablespace
innodb_file_per_table = 1
lower_case_table_names=1

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M

在生产上，只需调pool_size参数：innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048M，一般8G够用，最大12G
修改参数之前，可以先查看空间：不要只看free，还要看cached

[root@hadoop001 ~]# free -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:          3014       2515        499          0        164       1688
-/+ buffers/cache:        662       2352
Swap:         2047         16       2031

6.chown and chmod privileges and try first install

[root@hadoop001 local]# chown mysqladmin:dba /etc/my.cnf
[root@hadoop001 local]# chmod 640 /etc/my.cnf

[root@hadoop001 local]# chown -R mysqladmin:dba /usr/local/mysql

此时修改的是软连接文件夹所属的用户和用户组，文件夹本身修改成功了，但文件夹里面的内容还是没有被修改
故：关于文件夹的修改，修改之后，一定要cd进去ll再看一下，确认清楚
这些需要：

[root@hadoop001 local]# chown -R mysqladmin:dba /usr/local/mysql/*   文件夹内容修改成功
[root@hadoop001 local]# chown mysqladmin:dba mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64

[root@hadoop001 local]# chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysql
[root@hadoop001 local]# chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysql/*
[root@hadoop001 local]# chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysql-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64

[root@hadoop001 mysql]# su - mysqladmin
[mysqladmin@hadoop001 ~]$ pwd
/usr/local/mysql
[mysqladmin@hadoop001 ~]$ mkdir arch     创建binlog日志存储的文件夹

[root@hadoop001 ~]# yum -y install libaio
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: ap.stykers.moe
 * extras: ap.stykers.moe
 * updates: ap.stykers.moe
Setting up Install Process
Package libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do

7.Again install
真正安装的命令
scripts/mysql_install_db
–user=mysqladmin
–basedir=/usr/local/mysql
–datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

[mysqladmin@hadoop001 ~]$ scripts/mysql_install_db  \
> --user=mysqladmin \
> --basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
> --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

8.Configure mysql service and boot auto start

[root@hadoop001 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql
将服务文件拷贝到init.d下，并重命名为mysql：
[root@hadoop001 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
赋予可执行权限：
[root@hadoop001 mysql]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
删除服务：
[root@hadoop001 mysql]# chkconfig --del mysql
添加服务：
[root@hadoop001 mysql]# chkconfig --add mysql
MySQL服务开机自启动：
[root@hadoop001 mysql]# chkconfig --level 345 mysql on
[root@hadoop001 mysql]# vi /etc/rc.local
#!/bin/sh
#
# This script will be executed *after* all the other init scripts.
# You can put your own initialization stuff in here if you don't
# want to do the full Sys V style init stuff.

touch /var/lock/subsys/local


su - mysqladmin -c "/etc/init.d/mysql start"

9.Start mysql and to view process and listening

[root@hadoop001 mysql]# su - mysqladmin
[mysqladmin@hadoop001 ~]$ rm -f my.cnf   删除 my.cnf
[mysqladmin@hadoop001 ~]$ bin/mysqld_safe &
[1] 78183
[mysqladmin@hadoop001 ~]$ 190616 14:58:20 mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.err'.
190616 14:58:20 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data
[mysqladmin@hadoop001 ~]$  ps -ef|grep mysql
root      78039  77732  0 14:50 pts/0    00:00:00 su - mysqladmin
root      78157  78065  0 14:57 pts/1    00:00:00 su - mysqladmin
514       78183  78158  0 14:58 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/sh bin/mysqld_safe
514       78826  78183  0 14:58 pts/1    00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.pid --socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock --port=3306
514       78852  78158  0 14:59 pts/1    00:00:00 grep mysql
[mysqladmin@hadoop001 ~]$ netstat -nlp|grep 78183
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
 will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
[root@hadoop001 ~]# netstat -nlp|grep 78183
[root@hadoop001 ~]# netstat -nlp|grep 78826
tcp        0      0 :::3306                     :::*                        LISTEN      78826/mysqld        
unix  2      [ ACC ]     STREAM     LISTENING     417038 78826/mysqld        /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock

MySQL启动：

[root@hadoop001 ~]# service mysql status
MySQL running (78826)                                      [  OK  ]
[root@hadoop001 ~]# service mysql stop
Shutting down MySQL..                                      [  OK  ]
[root@hadoop001 ~]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL..The server quit without updating PID file ([FAILED]al/mysql/data/hostname.pid).

解决：
工作中出现error，去当前MySQL家目录的data目录下查询error————hostname.err

[mysqladmin@hadoop001 ~]$ cd data
[mysqladmin@hadoop001 data]$ ll
total 20
-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysqladmin dba 5559 Jun 16 01:16 hadoop001.err
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql      dba 3534 Jun 16 04:57 hostname.err
drwx------ 2 mysqladmin dba 4096 Jun 16 04:35 mysql
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysqladmin dba 4096 Jun 16 00:57 test
[mysqladmin@hadoop001 data]$ cat hostname.err
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: File '/usr/local/mysql/arch/mysql-bin.index' not found (Errcode: 13 - Permission denied)
[mysqladmin@hadoop001 data]$ cd ../
[mysqladmin@hadoop001 ~]$ cd arch/
[mysqladmin@hadoop001 arch]$ ll
total 409608
-rw-rw---- 1 mysqladmin dba 209715200 Jun 16 08:31 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw---- 1 mysqladmin dba 209715200 Jun 16 08:31 ib_logfile1
-rw-rw---- 1 mysqladmin dba       143 Jun 16 08:31 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-rw---- 1 mysqladmin dba        39 Jun 16 08:31 mysql-bin.index

查询后发现mysql-bin.index实际上存在，可知：是权限问题，
启动时我们是用root操作的，但是root没有权限，要切到mysqladmin
什么样的组件，它的停止和查看状态，就切到它对应的用户，再去执行

[root@hadoop001 ~]# su - mysqladmin
[mysqladmin@hadoop001 ~]$ service mysql start
Starting MySQL.                                            [  OK  ]

10.Login mysql
先配置全局，配置是在前面配置，因为配置的是最新的，最新的放在最前面

[root@hadoop001 mysql]# vi /etc/profile
export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql
export PATH=${MYSQL_HOME}/bin:${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH
[root@hadoop001 mysql]# source /etc/profile
[root@hadoop001 mysql]# which mysql
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
[mysqladmin@hadoop001 ~]$ which mysql
~/bin/mysql

[mysqladmin@hadoop001 ~]$ mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.23-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>  show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.04 sec)

11.Update password and Purge user

mysql> use mysql;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql           |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv              |
| db                        |
| event                     |
| func                      |
| general_log               |
| help_category             |
| help_keyword              |
| help_relation             |
| help_topic                |
| innodb_index_stats        |
| innodb_table_stats        |
| ndb_binlog_index          |
| plugin                    |
| proc                      |
| procs_priv                |
| proxies_priv              |
| servers                   |
| slave_master_info         |
| slave_relay_log_info      |
| slave_worker_info         |
| slow_log                  |
| tables_priv               |
| time_zone                 |
| time_zone_leap_second     |
| time_zone_name            |
| time_zone_transition      |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user                      |
+---------------------------+
28 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select user,password,host from user;
+------+----------+-----------+
| user | password | host      |
+------+----------+-----------+
| root |          | localhost |
| root |          | hadoop001 |
| root |          | 127.0.0.1 |
| root |          | ::1       |
|      |          | localhost |
|      |          | hadoop001 |
+------+----------+-----------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

在生产上要将空账号空密码的删掉，同时要将空密码设置一下
mysql> update user set password=password('123456') where user='root';
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.05 sec)
Rows matched: 4  Changed: 4  Warnings: 0

mysql> select user,password,host from user;
+------+-------------------------------------------+-----------+
| user | password                                  | host      |
+------+-------------------------------------------+-----------+
| root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | localhost |
| root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | hadoop001 |
| root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | ::1       |
|      |                                           | localhost |
|      |                                           | hadoop001 |
+------+-------------------------------------------+-----------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> delete from user where user='';
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> select user,password,host from user;
+------+-------------------------------------------+-----------+
| user | password                                  | host      |
+------+-------------------------------------------+-----------+
| root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | localhost |
| root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | hadoop001 |
| root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | ::1       |
+------+-------------------------------------------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

只要关于用户操作，flush privileges是最后一步，不要忘记

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

12.Configure .bash_profile

[mysqladmin@hadoop001 ~]$ vi .bash_profile
#stty erase ^H
set umask to 022
umask 022
export PATH
PS1=`uname -n`":"'$USER'":"'$PWD'":>"; export PS1

[mysqladmin@hadoop001 ~]$ exit
logout
[root@hadoop001 ~]# chown -R mysqladmin:dba /usr/local/mysql/*
[root@hadoop001 ~]# su - mysqladmin
hadoop001:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql:>
hadoop001:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql:>
hadoop001:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql:>
hadoop001:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql:>cd data
hadoop001:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql/data:>
hadoop001:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql/data:>

————这种操作可以清晰地知道光标在哪个路径下

重新部署：
service mysql stop
rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/arch/*
rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/*
scripts/mysql_install_db
–user=mysqladmin
–basedir=/usr/local/mysql
–datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

hadoop001:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql:>service mysql stop
Shutting down MySQL..                                      [  OK  ]
rm: cannot remove `/var/lock/subsys/mysql': Permission denied
hadoop001:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql:>rm -rf arch/*
hadoop001:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql:>rm -rf data/*
hadoop001:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql:>scripts/mysql_install_db  \
> --user=mysqladmin \
> --basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
> --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data