请求转发和网页重定向

请求转发与重定向是什么？

请求转发 forward()

       请求转发是指将请求（request）再转发到另一个页面，此过程还是在Request的范围内，通过RequestDispatcher接口的forward()方法实现，该方法可以将请求转发到另外一个资源 （从当前servlet跳转到另一个servlet），并让该资源对浏览器的请求进行响应。

请求转发是服务器行为，且转发前后共享同一个request对象，上一个页面中写入request中的属性的值在跳转后仍存在。

注意：页面跳转前后浏览器地址栏URL不会改变！

重定向 sendRedirect()

       重定向是指页面定位到某个新地址，之前的request失效，进入一个新的request （相当于两次请求），通过request对象的sendRedirect()方法实现。

重定向实现页面跳转前后台均参与，首先浏览器发出请求到服务器，服务器找到资源后通知前台，再由浏览器进行跳转。

注意：跳转前后浏览器地址栏URL发生改变！

请求转发与重定向有什么不同？

	1、重定向地址栏发生改变；请求转发地址栏不发生改变
	2、重定向需要进行二次跳转；请求转发一次跳转完成
	3、重定向过程中参数会丢失；请求转发过程中参数不会丢失
	4、重定向可以跳转到服务器以外的资源；请求转发无法跳转到服务器以外的资源
	5、重定向一次跳转后返回302码及ULR地址；请求转发直接返回200
	6、重定向无法跳转WEB-INF目录内的站点；请求转发可以跳转WEB-INF目录内的站点

通过代码来验证

请求跳转

创建3个servlet类来验证

@WebServlet(name = "Forward01", value = "/Forward01")
public class Forward01 extends HttpServlet {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 3809815673623896051L;

    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("Forward01");
//        向request域中存储数据  与request绑定
        request.setAttribute("slogan","海贼王");
//        请求转发
        request.getRequestDispatcher("Forward02").forward(request, response);
    }
}

@WebServlet(name = "Forward02", value = "/Forward02")
public class Forward02 extends HttpServlet {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 5638967587822456158L;

    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("Forward02");
        request.getRequestDispatcher("Forward03").forward(request, response);
    }
}

@WebServlet(name = "Forward03", value = "/Forward03")
public class Forward03 extends HttpServlet {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 6131938258749092222L;

    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String slogan = (String)request.getAttribute("slogan");
        System.out.println(slogan);
        System.out.println("Forward03");

    }
}

可以看到参数正常传递，URL地址并没有跳转。


请求转发直接返回200。

@WebServlet(name = "ForwardOuter", value = "/ForwardOuter")
public class ForwardOuter extends HttpServlet {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -6089159988815403493L;

    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("ForwardOuter");
//        不可以跳转到服务器以外资源
        request.getRequestDispatcher("https://live.bilibili.com").forward(request,response);
    }
}

请求转发无法跳转到服务器以外的资源。

@WebServlet(urlPatterns = {"/ForwardInner02"})
public class ForwardInner02 extends HttpServlet {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 7709996961548949302L;

    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("ForwardInner02");
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/forward.jsp").forward(request,response);
    }
}

请求转发可以跳转WEB-INF目录内的站点。

重定向

创建3个servlet类来验证

@WebServlet(name = "Redirect01", value = "/Redirect01")
public class Redirect01 extends HttpServlet {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -5096088127501474424L;

    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("Redirect01");
        request.setAttribute("slogan","海贼王");
//        网页重定向
        response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/Redirect02");
    }
}

@WebServlet(name = "Redirect02", value = "/Redirect02")
public class Redirect02 extends HttpServlet {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -1046620871038602664L;

    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("Redirect02");
        response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/Redirect03");
    }
}

@WebServlet(name = "Redirect03", value = "/Redirect03")
public class Redirect03 extends HttpServlet {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -1514803687180205194L;

    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("Redirect03");
        String slogan = (String) request.getAttribute("slogan");
        System.out.println(slogan);
    }
}

可以看到参数为null并且URL地址发生了跳转。


重定向一次跳转后返回302码及ULR地址。

@WebServlet(name = "RedirectOuter", value = "/RedirectOuter")
public class RedirectOuter extends HttpServlet {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 6941511209459670904L;

    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("RedirectOuter");
//      可以跳转到服务器以外资源
        response.sendRedirect("https://www.baidu.com/");
    }
}

重定向可以跳转到服务器以外的资源。

@WebServlet(name = "RedirectInner02", value = "/RedirectInner02")
public class RedirectInner02 extends HttpServlet {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 42433433287836708L;

    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("RedirectInner02");
        response.sendRedirect("/WEB-INF/redirect.jsp");
    }
}

重定向无法跳转WEB-INF目录内的站点。


详情请参考：JavaWeb—“页面跳转两种方式：请求转发(forward)与重定向(sendRedirect)”