线性插值
假定已知区间[xk,xk+1][x_k,x_{k+1}][xk,xk+1]的端点处的函数值 yk=f(xk),yk+1=f(xk+1)y_k=f(x_k),y_{k+1}=f(x_{k+1})yk=f(xk),yk+1=f(xk+1),要求线性插值多项式 L1(x)L_1(x)L1(x),使它满足
L1(xk)=yk,L1(xk+1)=yk+1.L_1(x_k)=y_k,\quad L_1(x_{k+1})=y_{k+1}.L1(xk)=yk,L1(xk+1)=yk+1.
y=L1(xy=L_1(xy=L1(x)的几何意义就是通过两点(xk,ykx_k,y_kxk,yk)和(xk+1,yk+1)(x_{k+1},y_{k+1})(xk+1,yk+1)的直线。
L_1(x)$的表达式可由几何意义直接给出，即
L1(x)=yk+yk+1−ykxk+1−xk(x−xk)(点斜式)L_1( x) = y_k+ \frac {y_{k+ 1}- y_k}{x_{k+ 1}- x_k}( x- x_k)(点斜式)L1(x)=yk+xk+1−xkyk+1−yk(x−xk)(点斜式)
L1(x)=xk+1−xxk+1−xkyk+x−xkxk+1−xkyk+1(两点式)L_1(x)=\frac{x_{k+1}-x}{x_{k+1}-x_k}y_k+\frac{x-x_k}{x_{k+1}-x_k}y_{k+1}(两点式)L1(x)=xk+1−xkxk+1−xyk+xk+1−xkx−xkyk+1(两点式)
由两点式方程看出,L1(x),L_1(x),L1(x)是由两个线性函数
lk(x)=x−xk+1xk−xk+1,lk+1(x)=x−xkxk+1−xkl_k(x)=\frac{x-x_{k+1}}{x_k-x_{k+1}},\quad l_{k+1}(x)=\frac{x-x_k}{x_{k+1}-x_k}lk(x)=xk−xk+1x−xk+1,lk+1(x)=xk+1−xkx−xk
的线性组合得到的，其系数分别为 yky_kyk 及yk+1y_k+1yk+1，即
L1(x)=yklk(x)+yk+1lk+1(x).L_1(x)=y_kl_k(x)+y_{k+1}l_{k+1}(x).L1(x)=yklk(x)+yk+1lk+1(x).
显然，lk(x)l_k(x)lk(x)及lk+1(x)l_{k+1}(x)lk+1(x)也是线性插值多项式，在节点 xkx_kxk 及xk+1x_k+1xk+1上满足条件
lk(xk)=1，lk(xk+1)=0，lk+1(xk)=0，lk+1(xk+1)=1l_k( x_k) = 1，l_k( x_{k+ 1}) = 0，l_{k+ 1}( x_k) = 0，l_{k+ 1}( x_{k+ 1}) = 1lk(xk)=1，lk(xk+1)=0，lk+1(xk)=0，lk+1(xk+1)=1
称函数 lk(x)l_k(x)lk(x)及lk+1(x)l_k+1(x)lk+1(x)为一次插值基函数或线性插值基函数。
扫一扫
1万+
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
