Spring事务实现方式详解

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最新推荐文章于 2025-04-28 10:07:48 发布

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分类专栏： spring 文章标签： spring java 后端数据库事务

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一、编程式事务

1、TransactionTemplate

采用TransactionTemplate和采用其他Spring模板，如JdbcTempalte和HibernateTemplate是一样的方法。它使用回调方法，把应用程序从处理取得和释放资源中解脱出来。如同其他模板，TransactionTemplate是线程安全的。实例代码如下：

TransactionTemplate tt = new TransactionTemplate(); // 新建一个TransactionTemplate
Object result = tt.execute(
	new TransactionCallback(){
		public Object doTransaction(TransactionStatus status){
			updateOperation();
			return resultOfUpdateOperation();
		}
	}
); // 执行execute方法进行事务管理

注：使用TransactionCallback()可以返回一个值。如果使用TransactionCallbackWithoutResult则没有返回值。

2、PlatformTransactionManager

Spring事务管理器的接口是org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager，通过这个接口，Spring为各个平台如JDBC、Hibernate等都提供了对应的事务管理器，但是具体的实现就是各个平台自己的事情了。所以Spring事务管理的一个优点就是为不同的事务API提供一致的编程模型，如JTA、JDBC、Hibernate、JPA。示例代码如下：

DataSourceTransactionManager dataSourceTransactionManager = new DataSourceTransactionManager(); //定义一个某个框架平台的TransactionManager，如JDBC、Hibernate
dataSourceTransactionManager.setDataSource(this.getJdbcTemplate().getDataSource()); // 设置数据源
DefaultTransactionDefinition transDef = new DefaultTransactionDefinition();// 定义事务属性
transDef.setPropagationBehavior(DefaultTransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED); // 设置传播行为属性
TransactionStatus status = dataSourceTransactionManager.getTransaction(transDef); // 获得事务状态，开始事务
try {
	// 数据库操作
	doSomething();
	dataSourceTransactionManager.commit(status);// 提交
} catch (Exception e) {
	dataSourceTransactionManager.rollback(status);// 回滚
}

二、声明式事务

以下配置代码参考自Spring事务配置的五种方式。根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式。

1、每个Bean都有一个代理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
	<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
		<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
		<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
	</bean>
	<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
	<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
		<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
	</bean>
	<!-- 配置DAO -->
	<bean id="userDaoTarget" class="xxx.dao.UserDaoImpl">
		<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
	</bean>
	<bean id="userDao" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">
		<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
		<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
		<property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />
		<property name="proxyInterfaces" value="xxx.dao.GeneratorDao" />
		<!-- 配置事务属性 -->
		<property name="transactionAttributes">
			<props>
				<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
			</props>
		</property>
	</bean>
</beans>

2、所有Bean共享一个代理基类

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
	<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
		<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
		<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
	</bean>
	<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
	<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
		<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
	</bean>
	<bean id="transactionBase" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" lazy-init="true" abstract="true">
		<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
		<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
		<!-- 配置事务属性 -->
		<property name="transactionAttributes">
			<props>
				<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
			</props>
		</property>
	</bean>
	<!-- 配置DAO -->
	<bean id="userDaoTarget" class="xxx.dao.UserDaoImpl">
		<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
	</bean>
	<bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" >
		<property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />
	</bean>
</beans>

3、使用拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
	<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
		<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
		<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
	</bean>
	<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
	<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
		<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
	</bean>
	<bean id="transactionInterceptor" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">
		<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
		<!-- 配置事务属性 -->
		<property name="transactionAttributes">
			<props>
				<prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
			</props>
		</property>
	</bean>
	<bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
		<property name="beanNames">
			<list>
				<value>*Dao</value>
			</list>
		</property>
		<property name="interceptorNames">
			<list>
				<value>transactionInterceptor</value>
			</list>
		</property>
	</bean>
	<!-- 配置DAO -->
	<bean id="userDao" class="xxx.dao.UserDaoImpl">
		<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
	</bean>
</beans>

4、使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
		
	<context:annotation-config />
	<context:component-scan base-package="xxx" />
	<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
		<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
		<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
	</bean>
	<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
	<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
		<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
	</bean>
	<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
		<tx:attributes>
			<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
		</tx:attributes>
	</tx:advice>
	<aop:config>
		<aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts" expression="execution(* xxx.dao.*.*(..))" />
		<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />
	</aop:config>
</beans>

5、全注解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
		
	<context:annotation-config />
	<context:component-scan base-package="xxx" />
	<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
		<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />
		<property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
	</bean>
	<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->
	<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
		<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
	</bean>
	<!-- 启用注解方式的声明式事务） -->
	<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
</beans>