如何在Linux系统中安装MySQL数据库

最近在给客户部署项目，需要给客户安装mysql ，顺便记录一下

首先查看是否安装msql

rpm -qa | grep -i mysql

1.下载

下载地址：https://mirrors.aliyun.com/mysql/MySQL-8.0，这里下载mysql-8.0.28-el7-x86_64.tar.gz

2.上传

将mysql-5.7.30-el7-x86_64.tar.gz压缩文件上传至/usr/local目录；

3、解压

将MySQL压缩文件解压至/usr/local/mysql目录

[root@localhost ~]# tar -zxvf /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.28-el7-x86_64.tar.gz -C

4、重命名

将MySQL根目录重命名为mysql-8.0.28

[root@localhost ~]# mv /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.28-el7-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.28

 5、删除

删除压缩文件

[root@localhost ~]# rm -f /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.28-el7-x86_64.tar.gz

6、创建目录

/usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.28根目录下创建data文件夹

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.28/data

 7、环境变量

a、编辑/etc/profile文件，内容如下：

export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.28/bin:$PATH

 b、重载/etc/profile文件：source /etc/profile

8、修改配置

a、查找mysql配置路径

[root@localhost ~]# mysql --help | grep 'my.cnf'
                      order of preference, my.cnf, $MYSQL_TCP_PORT,
/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf 
[root@localhost ~]# 

执行vi /etc/my.cnf

c、点击I键，复制并粘贴如下配置：

[mysql]
# 设置mysql客户端默认字符集
default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld]
#设置端口
port=3306
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
#设置mysql根目录
basedir = /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.28
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.28/data
#设置最大连接数
max_connections=200
#设置mysql服务端字符集，默认为latin1
character-set-server=UTF8MB4
#设置默认存储引擎
default-storage-engine=INNODB
#设置密码永不过期
default_password_lifetime=0
#设置 server接受的数据包大小
max_allowed_packet=16M

sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION'

9、用户与用户组

a、添加 mysql 组

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd mysql

b、添加 mysql 用户

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql

c、变更用户和用户组

[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.28

 10. 给Data目录授权

[root@localhost ~]#  chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.28

 11.在mysql根目录的bin下初始化

[root@localhost ~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql  --lower-case-table-names=1 
 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.28) initializing of server in progress as process 20052
[System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
[Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: e+Bf;vMi=30T
[root@localhost ~]#

 复制保存数据库初始化密码：e+Bf;vMi=30T

12. 开机启动

a、复制启动脚本到资源目录

[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.28/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
b、mysqld文件添加执行权限

[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

c、mysqld服务添加至系统服务

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld

d、查询mysqld服务

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list mysqld

注：该输出结果只显示 SysV 服务，并不包含
原生 systemd 服务。SysV 配置数据
可能被原生 systemd 配置覆盖。 

      要列出 systemd 服务，请执行 'systemctl list-unit-files'。
      查看在具体 target 启用的服务请执行
      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'。

mysqld          0:关    1:关    2:开    3:开    4:开    5:开    6:关

14. 启动 mysqld服务

[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start

13. 其他

# 安装SSL
[root@localhost ~]# mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.28/data
# 添加权限
[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R a+r /usr/local/mysql/mysql-8.0.28/data/server-key.pem

开放端口

[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent

重新加载

[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload

14、修改密码

初次登录MySQL数据库需要重置密码才能继续后面的数据库操作，步骤如下

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 输入临时密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.28

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> quit
Bye
[root@localhost ~]#
 

15、允许远程连接

MySQL数据库默认不允许远程连接，可通过如下步骤允许远程连接

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 输入密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.28 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit
Bye
[root@localhost ~]#