Hibernate中one-to-one的深入学习

hibernate one to one laxy constrained 实现延时加载
在Hibernate中，one-to-one主要用于两个表共用相同的主键。
<hibernate-mapping>
<class
name="User"
table="user"
>
<id
name="userId"
type="integer"
column="user_id"
length="11"
>
<generator class="increment" />
</id>
......
<!-- bi-directional one-to-one association to Card-->
<one-to-one
name="card"
class="Card"
constrained="true"
outer-join="auto"
/>
</class>
<class
name="Card"
table="card"
lazy="true"
>
<id
name="userId"
column="user_id"
>
<generator class="foreign">
<param name="property">user</param>
</generator>
</id>
......
<!-- bi-directional one-to-one association to User-->
<one-to-one
name="user"
class="User"
constrained="true"
outer-join="auto"
/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
hbm.xml 生成工具默认生成mapping 没有上面红色部份( constrained="true"和 Lazy="true")：
在执行 from User 查询的同时会产生 from Card 查询。
或执行 from Card 查询的同时会产生 from User 查询。
如果添加了红色部份(实现延时加载)：
在执行 from User 查询的同时不会产生 from Card 查询。
或执行 from Card 查询的同时不会产生 from User 查询。


1.关于one-to-one

持久化对象之间一对一的关联关系是通过one-to-one元素定义：

<one-to-one
name="propertyName" (1)
class="ClassName" (2)
cascade="all|none|save-update|delete" (3)
constrained="true|false" (4)
outer-join="true|false|auto" (5)
property-ref="propertyNameFromAssociatedClass" (6)
access="field|property|ClassName" (7)

/>

(1)

name: 属性的名字[POJO中的]。
(2)

class (可选 - 默认是通过反射得到的属性类型)：被关联的类的名字。
(3)

cascade(级联) (可选) 表明操作是否从父对象级联到被关联的对象。
(4)

constrained（约束） (可选) 表明该类对应的表对应的数据库表，和被关联的对象所对应的数据库表之间，通过一个外键引用对主键进行约束。这个选项影响save()和delete()在级联执行时的先后顺序（也在schema export tool中被使用）。
(5)

outer-join（外连接） (可选 - 默认为 自动): 当设置hibernate.use_outer_join的时候，对这个关联允许外连接抓取。
(6)

property-ref: (可选) 指定关联类的一个属性，这个属性将会和本外键相对应。如果没有指定，会使用对方关联类的主键[POJO中POJO类的实例]。
(7)

access (可选 - 默认是 property): Hibernate用来访问属性的策略。

2.one-to-one分类

主键关联

惟一外键关联

主键关联不需要额外的表字段;两行是通过这种一对一关系相关联的，那么这两行就共享同样的主关键字值。所以如果你希望两个对象通过主键一对一关联，你必须确认它们被赋予同样的标识值！

另一种方式是一个外键和一个惟一关键字对应。

3.one-to-one中惟一外键关联操作

（1）数据库DDL

#
# Table structure for table 'author'
#

CREATE TABLE author (
author_id char(20) NOT NULL default '',
person_id char(20) default NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (author_id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=gb2312;

#
# Table structure for table 'person'
#

CREATE TABLE person (
person_id char(20) NOT NULL default '',
name char(20) default NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (person_id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=gb2312;

（2）映射文件

Author.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 2.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-2.0.dtd" >

<!-- DO NOT EDIT: This is a generated file that is synchronized -->
<!-- by MyEclipse Hibernate tool integration. -->
<!-- Created Sat Apr 23 14:28:37 CST 2005 -->
<hibernate-mapping package="po">

<class name="Author" table="author">
<id name="authorId" column="author_id" type="java.lang.String">
<generator class="assigned"/>
</id>

<many-to-one
cascade="all"
class="po.Person"
column="person_id"
name="person"
not-null="true"
outer-join="auto"
unique="true"
/>

</class>

</hibernate-mapping>

Person.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 2.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-2.0.dtd" >

<!-- DO NOT EDIT: This is a generated file that is synchronized -->
<!-- by MyEclipse Hibernate tool integration. -->
<!-- Created Sat Apr 23 14:28:39 CST 2005 -->
<hibernate-mapping package="po">

<class name="Person" table="person">
<id name="personId" column="person_id" type="java.lang.String">
<generator class="assigned"/>
</id>

<property name="name" column="name" type="java.lang.String" />

<one-to-one name="author" class="Author" property-ref="person"/>

</class>

</hibernate-mapping>

（2）POJO文件

AbstractAuthor.java

package po;

import java.io.Serializable;

public abstract class AbstractAuthor
implements Serializable
{
/** The cached hash code value for this instance. Settting to 0 triggers re-calculation. */
private int hashValue = 0;

/** The composite primary key value. */
private java.lang.String authorId;

/** The value of the simple personId property. */
private java.lang.String personId;

/**
* Simple constructor of AbstractAuthor instances.
*/
public AbstractAuthor()
{
}

/**
* Constructor of AbstractAuthor instances given a simple primary key.
* @param authorId
*/
public AbstractAuthor(java.lang.String authorId)
{
this.setAuthorId(authorId);
}

/**
* Return the simple primary key value that identifies this object.
* @return java.lang.String
*/
public java.lang.String getAuthorId()
{
return authorId;
}

/**
* Set the simple primary key value that identifies this object.
* @param authorId
*/
public void setAuthorId(java.lang.String authorId)
{
this.hashValue = 0;
this.authorId = authorId;
}

/**
* Return the value of the person_id column.
* @return java.lang.String
*/
public java.lang.String getPersonId()
{
return this.personId;
}

/**
* Set the value of the person_id column.
* @param personId
*/
public void setPersonId(java.lang.String personId)
{
this.personId = personId;
}

/**
* Implementation of the equals comparison on the basis of equality of the primary key values.
* @param rhs
* @return boolean
*/
public boolean equals(Object rhs)
{
if (rhs == null)
return false;
if (! (rhs instanceof Author))
return false;
Author that = (Author) rhs;
if (this.getAuthorId() != null && that.getAuthorId() != null)
{
if (! this.getAuthorId().equals(that.getAuthorId()))
{
return false;
}
}
return true;
}

/**
* Implementation of the hashCode method conforming to the Bloch pattern with
* the exception of array properties (these are very unlikely primary key types).
* @return int
*/
public int hashCode()
{
if (this.hashValue == 0)
{
int result = 17;
int authorIdValue = this.getAuthorId() == null ? 0 : this.getAuthorId().hashCode();
result = result * 37 + authorIdValue;
this.hashValue = result;
}
return this.hashValue;
}
}

Author.java

package po;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class Author
extends AbstractAuthor
implements Serializable
{
private Person person;

/**
* Simple constructor of Author instances.
*/
public Author()
{
}

/**
* Constructor of Author instances given a simple primary key.
* @param authorId
*/
public Author(java.lang.String authorId)
{
super(authorId);
}

/* Add customized code below */
public void setPerson(Person person){
this.person=person;
}
public Person getPerson(){
return person;
}

}

AbstractPerson.java

package po;

import java.io.Serializable;

public abstract class AbstractPerson
implements Serializable
{
/** The cached hash code value for this instance. Settting to 0 triggers re-calculation. */
private int hashValue = 0;

/** The composite primary key value. */
private java.lang.String personId;

/** The value of the simple name property. */
private java.lang.String name;

/**
* Simple constructor of AbstractPerson instances.
*/
public AbstractPerson()
{
}

/**
* Constructor of AbstractPerson instances given a simple primary key.
* @param personId
*/
public AbstractPerson(java.lang.String personId)
{
this.setPersonId(personId);
}

/**
* Return the simple primary key value that identifies this object.
* @return java.lang.String
*/
public java.lang.String getPersonId()
{
return personId;
}

/**
* Set the simple primary key value that identifies this object.
* @param personId
*/
public void setPersonId(java.lang.String personId)
{
this.hashValue = 0;
this.personId = personId;
}

/**
* Return the value of the name column.
* @return java.lang.String
*/
public java.lang.String getName()
{
return this.name;
}

/**
* Set the value of the name column.
* @param name
*/
public void setName(java.lang.String name)
{
this.name = name;
}

/**
* Implementation of the equals comparison on the basis of equality of the primary key values.
* @param rhs
* @return boolean
*/
public boolean equals(Object rhs)
{
if (rhs == null)
return false;
if (! (rhs instanceof Person))
return false;
Person that = (Person) rhs;
if (this.getPersonId() != null && that.getPersonId() != null)
{
if (! this.getPersonId().equals(that.getPersonId()))
{
return false;
}
}
return true;
}

/**
* Implementation of the hashCode method conforming to the Bloch pattern with
* the exception of array properties (these are very unlikely primary key types).
* @return int
*/
public int hashCode()
{
if (this.hashValue == 0)
{
int result = 17;
int personIdValue = this.getPersonId() == null ? 0 : this.getPersonId().hashCode();
result = result * 37 + personIdValue;
this.hashValue = result;
}
return this.hashValue;
}
}

Person.java
package po;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class Person
extends AbstractPerson
implements Serializable
{
private Author author;
/**
* Simple constructor of Person instances.
*/
public Person()
{
}

/**
* Constructor of Person instances given a simple primary key.
* @param personId
*/
public Person(java.lang.String personId)
{
super(personId);
}

/* Add customized code below */
public void setAuthor(Author author){
this.author=author;
}
public Author getAuthor(){
return author;
}

}

（3）测试文件

TestOO.java

package test;

import po.Author;
import po.Person;

import net.sf.hibernate.*;
import net.sf.hibernate.cfg.*;


public class TestOO {

private Session sesssion=null;

/**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
try {
Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure();
SessionFactory sessions = cfg.buildSessionFactory();
Session session = sessions.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();

Person person = new Person();

person.setPersonId("1");
person.setName("Blake Stone");

Author author = new Author();

author.setAuthorId("11");
author.setPerson(person);


session.save(person);
session.save(author);
System.out.print("i will dead if i don't get success!");

tx.commit();
session.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}

（4）分享喜悦

运行测试类，数据正常添加进数据库。

（5）深入探讨

a.由于主键采用assigned方式，必须自己指定ID；

b.如果只采用session.save(author);将会产生级联错误[ Could not synchronize database state with session net.sf.hibernate.HibernateException: Batch update row count wrong: 0]，看看执行的SQL语句[Hibernate: insert into author (person_id, author_id) values (?, ?) Hibernate: update person set name=? where person_id=?]很明白是吧，因为person表还是空的，当然执行update操作会失败！虽然解决的方法很简单，可问题值得思考！虽然对person进行了setter方法，可不要忘了他仍旧是VO而不是PO！