手把手实现MySQL与Elasticsearch数据双写与搜索方案
场景描述
现代Web应用中,我们常需要同时满足:
- OLTP需求:通过MySQL实现事务性操作(如订单创建、用户注册)
- OLAP需求:通过Elasticsearch实现复杂搜索(如商品全文检索、日志分析)
本文将基于Spring Boot技术栈,演示如何构建双存储系统,并提供完整代码示例。
一、环境搭建指南
1.1 基础组件安装
# 安装Java 17
sudo apt install openjdk-17-jdk
# 安装MySQL 8.0
sudo apt install mysql-server
# 安装Elasticsearch 8.4.3
```bash
wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-8.4.3-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
tar -xzf elasticsearch-*.tar.gz
./bin/elasticsearch
1.2 Spring Boot项目初始化
<!-- pom.xml核心依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-elasticsearch</artifactId>
</dependency>
二、双写架构实现
2.1 领域模型设计
// MySQL实体
@Entity
@Table(name = "articles")
public class Article {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = IDENTITY)
private Long id;
@Column(nullable = false)
private String title;
@Lob
@Column(nullable = false)
private String content;
}
// ES文档模型
@Document(indexName = "articles")
public class ArticleDoc {
@Id
private String id;
@Field(type = FieldType.Text, analyzer = "ik_max_word")
private String title;
@Field(type = FieldType