maven webapp 搭建完后,开始第一个Spring MVC 程序。每个步骤仅加入需要关联,与网上大部分整体部署不一样,逐步学习。了解每步中资源的关联。
1.pom.xml文件加入必要Spring webmvc\servlet 依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${springMVC.Version}</version> </dependency>
<dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency>
2.建立spring 配置文件 , 我命名为 spring-mvc.xml。其中第一个是,自己定义处理请求/hello,采用priv.yzying.controller.HelloControlle类来处理。第2-4其实可以不配置,不配置则采用默认。
<bean name="/hello" class="priv.yzying.controller.HelloController" /> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping" /> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter" /> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" />
3.在web.xml中配置servlet 的 Dispatcher
<servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class> org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet </servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value> <!-- 也可以是固定路径 /WEB-INF/spring-mvc.xml --> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
截止此,可以说就搭建完了。后面我们做一下对/hello请求路径的处理。
package priv.yzying.controller; import org.apache.commons.logging.Log; import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class HelloController implements Controller{ private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(HelloController.class); public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest reqest , HttpServletResponse response){ logger.info("handleRequest is been invoked"); ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView(); mv.addObject("message","Hello world!"); mv.setViewName("/WEB-INF/content/welcome.jsp"); return mv; } }注:此处设置了视图的路径 /WEB-INF/content/welcome.jsp,代码如下:注 isELIgnored属性建议明确设置下,不然在有些环境下,不能解析${ }
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %> <html> <head> <title>welcome</title> </head> <body> ${requestScope.get("message")} </body> </html>
上面能成功运行了hello,但现在比较流行注解方式。这里进行一下改造,首先改造Controller类。
@org.springframework.stereotype.Controller public class helloController{ private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(helloController.class); @RequestMapping(value = "/hello") public ModelAndView handleRequest(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception { logger.info("handleRequest is been invoked"); ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView(); mv.addObject("message","Hello world"); // mv.setViewName("/WEB-INF/views/welcome.jsp"); mv.setViewName("/WEB-INF/views/welcome.jsp"); // 配置了 springmvc 的视图控制器属性 return mv; }
只加注解是无法运行的,还必须告诉Spring采用注解扫描包、Mapping适配器、Mapping处理器。
首先,spring配置文件中,beans 节点增加属性
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation 属性中,增加http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
这上面加入后,就可以在文档中增加如下配置,注:这里的priv.yzying.controller是指定进行扫描的package。
<context:component-scan base-package="priv.yzying.controller" />随后,对应的注解处理、适配器,需进行配置。
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping"/> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter"/>
配置完成后,便可以允许,可以如下配置取消,更能清楚的展现采用注解方式的结果。
<bean name="/hello" class="priv.yzying.controller.HelloController" />