Java并发-ThreadLocal

最新推荐文章于 2022-06-18 09:55:44 发布

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本文探讨了ThreadLocal在Java并发编程中的作用，它为每个线程提供独立的变量副本，确保数据线程安全。示例代码展示了如何使用ThreadLocal在多线程环境中存储线程私有数据。在Web开发中，ThreadLocal常用于存储当前登录用户信息，例如通过定义ThreadLocal容器并在拦截器中封装用户信息，方便在控制器中便捷获取。

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ThreadLocal的作用

作用是为每个线程保存线程私有数据。可以把ThreadLocal理解为一个Map，其中key为当前线程，value为要存储的数据。

下面是摘自《Java编程思想》中的一段示例代码：

public class ThreadLocalTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        for(int i = 0;i < 5;i ++) {
            executorService.execute(new Task(i));
        }

        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
        executorService.shutdownNow();
    }

}

class ThreadLocalVariableHolder {
//将ThreadLocal定义成一个全局共享变量
    private static ThreadLocal<Integer> value = new ThreadLocal<Integer>(){
        private Random random = new Random();
        //随机给定一个初始化值
        @Override
        protected synchronized Integer initialValue() {
            return random.nextInt(10000);
        }
    };
    //通过set设置与当前线程绑定的数据
    public static void increment(){
        value.set(value.get() + 1);
    }
    //通过get获取与当前线程绑定的数据
    public static Integer get() {
        return value.get();
    }
}

class Task implements Runnable {

    private final int id;
    public Task(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {
            //与当前线程绑定的变量值+1
            ThreadLocalVariableHolder.increment();
            System.out.println(this);
            Thread.yield();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "#" + id + ":" + ThreadLocalVariableHolder.get();
    }
}

每个线程都拥有自己的Integer变量，在操作的过程中，互不影响。

ThreadLocal的使用场景

在Web开发中，通常用ThreadLocal来存储当前登录用户的信息。

定义ThreadLocal容器

@Component
public class HostHolder {
    private static ThreadLocal<User> usersHolder = new ThreadLocal<>();
    public User getUser(){
        return usersHolder.get();
    }
    public void setUser(User user){
        usersHolder.set(user);
    }
    public void clear(){
        usersHolder.remove();
    }
}

定义拦截器封装用户信息

@Component
public class PassportInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor{

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PassportInterceptor.class);

    @Autowired
    private LoginTicketDao ticketDao;
    @Autowired
    private UserDao userDao;
    @Autowired
    private HostHolder userHolder;


    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,
                             HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o) throws Exception {

        logger.info("PassportInterceptor->preHandle()");

        //从Cookie中获取ticket
        String ticket = null;
        if(httpServletRequest.getCookies() != null){
            for(Cookie cookie : httpServletRequest.getCookies()){
                if(cookie.getName().equals("ticket")){
                    ticket = cookie.getValue();
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        //如果在cookie中有通行证
        if(ticket != null){
            //验证ticket是否过期
            LoginTicket ticketInfo = ticketDao.seletByTicket(ticket);
            if(ticketInfo == null || ticketInfo.getExpired().before(new Date())
                    || ticketInfo.getStatus() != 0){
                return true;
            }

            if(ticketInfo == null){
                return true;
            }else{
                if(ticketInfo.getStatus() == 0 && ticketInfo.getExpired().before(new Date())){
                    ticketDao.updateByTicket(1, ticket);
                    return true;
                }else if(ticketInfo.getStatus() == 1){
                    return true;
                }else{
                    User user = userDao.selectById(ticketInfo.getUserId());
                    //向ThreadLocal中保存当前登录人信息
                    userHolder.setUser(user);
                }
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,
                  HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o,
                           ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {

        logger.info("PassportInterceptor->postHandle()");

        //将user信息在view层共享
        if(modelAndView != null && userHolder.getUser() != null){
            modelAndView.addObject("user", userHolder.getUser());
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception {

        logger.info("PassportInterceptor->afterCompletion()");

            userHolder.clear();
    }
}

在controller中获取用户信息

@Autowired
HostHolder hostHolder;

...

UserEntity currentUser = hostHolder.get();