JAVA复习知识点总结-基础篇_javs复习知识点-CSDN博客

本文详细介绍了Java编程的基础知识，包括程序开发流程、基本类型与复杂类型的区别、常用的结构语句、String类的操作方法以及数组的使用等核心内容。

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1.chaine de developpement

programme source(.java)->programme binaire(.class)->machine virtuelle

2.types

type primitif基本类型：

byte(1) short(2) int(4) long(8)

float(4) double(8)

boolean(1)

char(1)

特点：可直接建立，不需要调用new方法。可以在内存里直接表示

type complexe复杂类型：

table

特点：间接获取数据

type construit

String

特点：数据+工具

3.结构

if(condition)
{
}else
{
}

switch (variable)
{
case n:
break;
....
default:
}

while(condition)
{
//条件为真，运行
}

do
{
}while(condition)
//条件为真，继续往下走

for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
{
}

4.String

初始化：

String chaine=new String("Windows a encore plante");

char[] T={'W','i','n','d','o','w','s',' ','a'};
String chaine1=new String(T);

String chaine2="Windows";

常用方法

string.length() return int

string.charAt(n) return 第n位字母

string.substring(n,m) return String截取n位与n位后m位前的字符串

sting.equals(String ) return boolean

string.indexOf('char') return int

string.lastIndexOf('char') return int

string.replace('char1','char2') return String char2替换char1

String chaine3=chaine2+chaine1

String.valueOf(valeur) return String 其他类型转字符串(static)

This method has followings variants, which depend on the passed parameters. This method returns the string representation of the passed argument.

valueOf(boolean b): Returns the string representation of the boolean argument.
valueOf(char c): Returns the string representation of the char argument.
valueOf(char[] data): Returns the string representation of the char array argument.
valueOf(char[] data, int offset, int count): Returns the string representation of a specific subarray of the char array argument.
valueOf(double d): Returns the string representation of the double argument.
valueOf(float f): Returns the string representation of the float argument.
valueOf(int i): Returns the string representation of the int argument.
valueOf(long l): Returns the string representation of the long argument.
valueOf(Object obj): Returns the string representation of the Object argument

source:http://www.tutorialspoint.com/java/java_string_valueof.htm

字符串转其他类型

Integer.parseInt(chaine)

Long.parseLong(chaine)

Float.parseFloat(chaine)

Double.parseDouble(chaine)

5.Table

初始化

int[] Table;
Table=new int[10];

int[] T2={12,-33,44,0,12225}

table.length return int

6.保留字和关键字

关键字列表
　abstract抽象类 boolean break byte case

　catch char class continue default

　do double else extends false

　final finally float for if

　implements import instanceof int interface

　long native new null package

　private protected public return short

　static super switch synchronized this

　throw throws transient true try

　void volatile while
保留字
　const，goto
　所有的关键字都是小写

关于throw和throws，此处引用一个栗子（出自《programmer en JAVA》-Claude Delannoy）

class Point
{
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>public Point(int x, int y) throws ErrConst//throws修饰方法，加一个由Exception构造的class

<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>{

<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>if((x<0) || (y<0)) throw new ErrConst();//throw 是指令

<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>this.x=x;

<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>this.y=y;

<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>}

<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>public void affiche()

<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>{

<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>System.out.println("coordonnees: "+x+" "+y);

<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>}

<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>private int x,y;
}

class ErrConst extends Exception

{}

public class Except1

<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>public static void main(String args[])

<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>{

<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>try

<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>{

<span style="white-space:pre">			</span>Point a= new Point(1,4);

<span style="white-space:pre">			</span>a.affiche();

<span style="white-space:pre">			</span>a=new Point(-3,5);

<span style="white-space:pre">			</span>a.affiche();

<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>}

<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>catch(ErrConst e)

<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>{

<span style="white-space:pre">			</span>System.out.println("Erreur construction");

<span style="white-space:pre">			</span>System.exit(-1);

<span style="white-space:pre">		</span>}

<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>}