springmvc学习笔记（基于注解实现）

最新推荐文章于 2025-05-08 20:04:31 发布

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本文介绍如何使用SpringMVC框架搭建一个简单的Web应用，包括创建项目、配置文件、控制器编写等步骤。

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springmvc是spring框架中应用于控制层的模块。简单记录下使用该框架的简要步䠫：

1、新建web项目springmvc-test

2、添加使用springmvc框架所需的jar包：

3、在web.xml中添加servlet

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
  <display-name>springmvc-test</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>login.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  <servlet>
  	<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
  	<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
  	<init-param>
		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
		<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value> <!-- classpath路径指向src目录下或者maven项目的resource文件夹下边 -->	
  	</init-param>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
  	<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
  	<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

4、在src下新建springmvc的配置文件springmvc-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd  
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd  
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
	  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc  
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd">
      <!-- springmvc 注解驱动 -->
      <mvc:annotation-driven />
      <!-- 注解扫描路径 -->
      <context:component-scan base-package="com.zjl" />
      
      
      <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
      	<property name="prefix" value="/jsp/"></property>
      	<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
      </bean>
      
</beans>

5、在com.zjl.controller包下新建HelloController，接受请求、处理、返回指定页面。


package com.zjl.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
public class HelloController {

	@RequestMapping(value="/hello.do")
	public String sayHello(String username, Model model){
		System.out.println("username:"+username);
		model.addAttribute("username", username);
		return "index";
	}
}

6、新建页面文件login.jsp index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
	pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	<form action="hello.do">
		username:<input type="text" name="username" /> <input type="submit"
			value="提交" />
	</form>
</body>
</html>

在webcontent路径下添加jsp文件夹，在jsp中新建index.jsp，显示控制器返回页面效果:

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
	pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	<h2>您好！${username}</h2>
</body>
</html>

7、在tomcat服务器上运行该项目，得到效果如下图所示：