Typescript实现Promise,[then|catch|finally|resolve|reject|race|all|any]

原创 于 2021-12-25 23:40:07 发布 · 2.8k 阅读 · 4 ·
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#typescript #前端 #promise

本文详细介绍了如何使用 TypeScript 实现 Promise 的核心功能，包括 then、catch、resolve、reject、all、race 和 finally 方法。通过分析原生 Promise 的行为，逐步构建自定义 Promise 类，重点探讨了异步处理、状态管理以及链式调用的实现原理。文章还涵盖了 Promise.all 和 Promise.race 的并发执行策略，并实现了 Promise.any 的新特性。

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🔥TypeScript实现Promise

完整版代码 点我

本文会根据通过查看原生Promise的输出结果来逐步实现自定义myPromise，使用class

为避免出现this指向问题，使用箭头函数

then、catch、Promise.resolve、Promise.reject、all、race、finally

⭐️Promise.prototype.then方法实现

😄then方法是Promise最重要的一个方法,后面的所有方法都要调用此方法

先查看一下原生Promise

const promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  resolve(111)
})
console.log(promise) // PromiseResult 111 PromiseState fullfilled

由此可知需要传递给Promise构造函数一个函数，并有两个回调函数参数resolve, reject，这里称此函数之为👿executor，两个回调函数分别为成功的回调和失败的回调，Promise有三种状态PromiseState: pending|fulfilled|rejected(并且状态一旦改变不允许再次更改)和一个返回结果PromiseResult可以为任意类型

myPromise

class myPromise {
  static PENDING = 'pending'
  static FULFILLED = 'fulfilled'
  static REJECTED = 'rejected'
  PromiseState: string = myPromise.PENDING
  PromiseResult: any = ''
  resolve = (result: unknown) => {
    if (this.PromiseState !== myPromise.PENDING) return;
    this.PromiseState = myPromise.FULFILLED
    this.PromiseResult = result
  }
  reject = (reason: unknown) => {
    if (this.PromiseState !== myPromise.PENDING) return;
    this.PromiseState = myPromise.REJECTED
    this.PromiseResult = reason
  }
  constructor(executor: Function) {
    executor(this.resolve, this.reject)
  }
}

原生

const resPromise = promise.then(value => {
  console.log(value); // 输出 111
  return value
}, (reason => {
  console.log(reason);
}))
console.log('resPromise', resPromise);
// console Promise {<pending>}
//[[Prototype]]: Promise
//[[PromiseState]]: "fulfilled"
//[[PromiseResult]]: 111

可以看到then方法的返回值也是一个Promise，并且Promise.then里的回调时异步执行的，这里分别给then方法的两个回调函数默认值

class myPromise {
  static PENDING = 'pending'
  static FULFILLED = 'fulfilled'
  static REJECTED = 'rejected'
  PromiseState: string = myPromise.PENDING
  PromiseResult: any = ''
  static defaultOnResolve: Function = (value: unknown) => value
  static defaultOnReject: Function = (reason: any) => {
    throw reason
  }
  resolve = (result: unknown) => {
    if (this.PromiseState !== myPromise.PENDING) return;
    this.PromiseState = myPromise.FULFILLED
    this.PromiseResult = result
  }
  reject = (reason: unknown) => {
    if (this.PromiseState !== myPromise.PENDING) return;
    this.PromiseState = myPromise.REJECTED
    this.PromiseResult = reason
  }
  constructor(executor: Function) {
    executor(this.resolve, this.reject)
  }
  then = (onResolve = myPromise.defaultOnResolve, onReject = myPromise.defaultOnReject): myPromise => {
    return new myPromise((resolve: Function, reject: Function) => {
      setTimeout(() => {
        if (this.PromiseState === myPromise.FULFILLED) {
          resolve(onResolve(this.PromiseResult))
        } else if (this.PromiseState === myPromise.REJECTED) {
          reject(onReject(this.PromiseResult))
        }
      })
    })
  }
}
❓Promise的executor里的代码是异步时该如何处理？
const promise = new myPromise((resolve, reject) => {
  setTimeout(() => {
    resolve(111)
  }, 1500)
})
promise.then(value => {
  console.log(value); // 永远不会输出
  return value
}, (reason => {
  console.log(reason);
}))

以上代码console.log(value);永远不会输出

为何？这个时候需要仔细看一下整个执行过程，执行then方法时，因为有定时的缘故，所以Promise的状态还是pending，但是目前还未对pending状态进行处理

必须当Promise的状态确定了之后才能执行对应的回调，所以当pending时，把回调进行存储，当执行resolve/reject时，再把存储的回调函数做遍历执行即可

代码：

class myPromise {
  static PENDING = 'pending'
  static FULFILLED = 'fulfilled'
  static REJECTED = 'rejected'
  PromiseState: string = myPromise.PENDING
  PromiseResult: any = ''
  callbacks: Array<{ onResolve: Function, onReject: Function }> = []
  static defaultOnResolve: Function = (value: unknown) => value
  static defaultOnReject: Function = (reason: any) => {
    throw reason
  }
  resolve = (result: unknown) => {
    if (this.PromiseState !== myPromise.PENDING) return;
    this.PromiseState = myPromise.FULFILLED
    this.PromiseResult = result
    // 遍历回调
    this.callbacks.forEach(item => {
      item.onResolve(this.PromiseResult)
    })
  }
  reject = (reason: unknown) => {
    if (this.PromiseState !== myPromise.PENDING) return;
    this.PromiseState = myPromise.REJECTED
    this.PromiseResult = reason
    // 遍历回调
    this.callbacks.forEach(item => {
      item.onReject(this.PromiseResult)
    })
  }
  constructor(executor: Function) {
    executor(this.resolve, this.reject)
  }
  then = (onResolve = myPromise.defaultOnResolve, onReject = myPromise.defaultOnReject): myPromise => {
    return new myPromise((resolve: Function, reject: Function) => {
      setTimeout(() => {
        if (this.PromiseState === myPromise.FULFILLED) {
          resolve(onResolve(this.PromiseResult))
        } else if (this.PromiseState === myPromise.REJECTED) {
          reject(onReject(this.PromiseResult))
        } else if (this.PromiseState === myPromise.PENDING) {
          //存储回调
          this.callbacks.push({
            onResolve: () => {
              resolve(onResolve(this.PromiseResult))
            },
            onReject: () => {
              reject(onReject(this.PromiseResult))
            }
          })
        }
      })
    })
  }
}
❓当then方法中返回的是一个Promise对象，能否在后面的then中拿到上面的值呢？
promise.then((value:unknown) => {
  return new myPromise((resolve: Function) => {
    resolve(22222)
  })
}).then((value: unknown) => {
  console.log('value', value) // 能否输出 22222 ?
})

答案是不能，这里拿到的是一个Promise对象，如何拿到预期的值呢？需要在then方法中进行判断，如果值为Promise对象，那么就使用递归再次调用then

完整then

then = (onResolve = myPromise.defaultOnResolve, onReject = myPromise.defaultOnReject): myPromise => {
    return new myPromise((resolve: Function, reject: Function) => {
      setTimeout(() => {
        if (this.PromiseState === myPromise.FULFILLED) {
          try {
            const res = onResolve(this.PromiseResult)
            if (res instanceof myPromise) {
              res.then(resolve, reject)
            } else {
              resolve(res)
            }
          } catch (e) {
            reject(e)
          }
        } else if (this.PromiseState === myPromise.REJECTED) {
          try {
            const res = onReject(this.PromiseResult)
            if (res instanceof myPromise) {
              res.then(resolve, reject)
            } else {
              resolve(res)
            }
          } catch (e) {
            reject(e)
          }
        } else if (this.PromiseState === myPromise.PENDING) {
          this.callbacks.push({
            onResolve: () => {
              try {
                const res = onResolve(this.PromiseResult)
                if (res instanceof myPromise) {
                  res.then(resolve, reject)
                } else {
                  resolve(res)
                }
              } catch (e) {
                reject(e)
              }
            },
            onReject: () => {
              try {
                const res = onReject(this.PromiseResult)
                if (res instanceof myPromise) {
                  res.then(resolve, reject)
                } else {
                  resolve(res)
                }
              } catch (e) {
                reject(e)
              }
            }
          })
        }
      })
    })
  }

Promise.prototype.catch方法实现

由于then方法已经给了默认值，catch方法直接调用then方法即可，成功的回调函数设置成undefined即可

catch = (onReject = myPromise.defaultOnReject) => {
    return this.then(undefined, onReject)
}

Promise.resolve方法实现

此方法属于Promise类的方法，通过类直接调用的，可以将Promise的状态直接设置为成功状态

调用then方法，方法体内直接执行resolve回调即可

static resolve = (value: unknown) => {
    return new myPromise((resolve: Function) => {
        resolve(value)
    })
}

Promise.reject方法实现

同Promise.resolve

static reject = (reason: any) => {
    return new myPromise((resolve: Function, reject: Function) => {
        reject(reason)
    })
}

Promise.all方法实现

简介：此方法接收一个Promise对象数组，当所有Promise的结果都为成功时，此方法才返回成功，否则返回失败

数组中Promise是并发执行(可以自己进行验证)，但是PromiseResult的结果确是按顺序返回的！

static all(promiseArr: Array<myPromise>): myPromise {
    return new myPromise((resolve: Function, reject: Function) => {
        let PromiseResult: Array<unknown> = []
        promiseArr.forEach((item, index) => {
            item.then((value: unknown) => {
                PromiseResult[index] = value //对应promise对象索引
                if (PromiseResult.length === promiseArr.length) { // 所有都成功了
                    resolve(PromiseResult)
                }
            }, (reason: any) => {
                reject(reason)
            })
        })
    })
}

Promise.race方法实现

与Promise.all方法相反，race方法会把最先返回的结果当作返回值

static race(promiseArr: Array<myPromise>): myPromise {
    return new myPromise((resolve: Function, reject: Function) => {
        promiseArr.forEach((item, index) => {
            item.then((value: unknown) => {
                resolve(value)
            }, (reason: any) => {
                reject(reason)
            })
        })
    })
}

Promise.prototype.finally方法实现

此方法会在then/catch后面执行，💝ES2018新增，在此之前，有些代码在then和catch中可能要重复书写，finally出现之后就很好的解决了这个问题

finally = (executor = new Function) => {
    return this.then((value: unknown) => { 
        return myPromise.resolve(executor()).then(() => value) // 为了将值继续传递供链式调用
    }, (reason: any) => {
        return myPromise.resolve(executor()).then(() => { //为了将值继续传递供链式调用
            throw reason
        })
    })
}

⭐️Promise.any方法实现(🆕ES2021新增)

此方法与race方法十分相似，不同的是，race只要有一个reject，就直接返回reject了，但是any是所有的都reject了才reject

static all(promiseArr: Array<myPromise>): myPromise {
    return new myPromise((resolve: Function, reject: Function) => {
        let PromiseResult: Array<unknown> = []
        promiseArr.forEach((item, index) => {
            item.then((value: unknown) => {
                PromiseResult[index] = value
                if (PromiseResult.length === promiseArr.length) {
                    resolve(PromiseResult)
                }
            }, (reason: any) => {
                reject(reason)
            })
        })
    })
}
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