Beginner’s Guide to German Grammar & Phrases
Compiled Study Notes
This guide provides an introduction to basic German grammar, useful phrases, and practice
exercises for learners at A1–A2 levels.
1. Introduction
German is one of the most widely spoken languages in Europe. Learning its basics helps in daily
life, studies, and travel. This guide summarizes essential grammar rules, vocabulary, and
expressions for beginners.
2. Articles and Noun Genders
In German, every noun has a gender: masculine, feminine, or neuter. The definite articles are:
• der (masculine) → der Mann (the man)
• die (feminine) → die Frau (the woman)
• das (neuter) → das Kind (the child)
Plural nouns always take 'die': die Bücher (the books).
3. Sentence Structure Basics
The basic German sentence order is Subject – Verb – Object (SVO):
Example: Ich lerne Deutsch. (I learn German.)
When starting a sentence with something other than the subject, the verb still comes second:
Example: Heute lerne ich Deutsch. (Today I am learning German.)
4. Common Verbs and Conjugation
• sein (to be) → ich bin, du bist, er/sie/es ist, wir sind, ihr seid, sie sind
• haben (to have) → ich habe, du hast, er/sie/es hat, wir haben, ihr habt, sie haben
• lernen (to learn) → ich lerne, du lernst, er/sie/es lernt, wir lernen, ihr lernt, sie lernen
5. Useful Everyday Phrases
• Wie geht’s? – How are you?
• Mir geht’s gut. – I’m fine.
• Entschuldigung – Excuse me / Sorry.
• Können Sie mir helfen? – Can you help me?
• Ich hätte gern ein Wasser. – I would like a water.
6. Practice Exercises
Translate the following into German:
• 1. The woman is learning German.
• 2. Today I am drinking water.
• 3. He is a student.
• 4. We have a book.
• 5. Excuse me, where is the train station?
Tip: Try writing your answers in full sentences.
