German Grammar Topics (A1 to B1)
A1 Level (Beginner)
Main goal: Form simple sentences, basic tenses, and daily communication.
1. Nouns & Articles
- Gender of nouns (der / die / das)
- Singular and plural forms
- Definite and indefinite articles (der/die/das, ein/eine)
- Nominative case
- Personal pronouns (ich, du, er, sie, es, …)
2. Verbs
- Regular and irregular verb conjugation (Präsens)
- “Sein”, “haben”, “werden” (to be, to have, to become)
- Modal verbs (können, müssen, wollen, dürfen, sollen, mögen)
- Separable and inseparable verbs
- Verb position in main clauses (V2 rule)
- Imperative (commands – e.g., Komm!, Lesen Sie!)
3. Sentence Structure
- Word order in statements and yes/no questions
- W-questions (wer, was, wann, wo, warum, wie, etc.)
- Negation (nicht, kein)
- Basic conjunctions: und, oder, aber, denn
4. Cases (Start)
- Accusative case – definite & indefinite articles
- Accusative pronouns (mich, dich, ihn, …)
5. Other Basics
- Possessive pronouns (mein, dein, sein, …)
- Prepositions with accusative (für, ohne, gegen, um, durch)
- Time expressions (heute, morgen, um 8 Uhr, am Montag)
- Adjectives – basic usage (uninflected after “sein”)
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A2 Level (Elementary)
Main goal: Speak about past events, give reasons, describe things and experiences.
1. Verbs & Tenses
- Perfect tense (Perfekt) with “haben” and “sein”
- Simple past (Präteritum) of common verbs (war, hatte, konnte, etc.)
- Reflexive verbs (sich freuen, sich waschen, …)
- Verb + preposition combinations (warten auf, sich interessieren für, etc.)
2. Sentence Structure
- Subordinate clauses (weil, dass, wenn, ob, obwohl)
- Word order in subordinate clauses (verb at the end)
- Sentence connectors (dann, danach, trotzdem, deshalb)
- Infinitive clauses with “zu” (Ich versuche, Deutsch zu lernen.)
3. Cases & Articles
- Dative case (definite/indefinite articles, pronouns)
- Prepositions with dative (mit, nach, bei, von, zu, seit, aus)
- Two-way prepositions (in, an, auf, über, unter, vor, hinter, neben, zwischen)
- Wechselpräpositionen (Akkusativ oder Dativ?)
- Dative verbs (helfen, danken, gefallen, gehören, etc.)
4. Adjectives
- Adjective endings (after der/ein-word in nominative & accusative)
- Comparative and superlative (größer, am größten)
5. Pronouns & Others
- Dative and accusative pronouns together (Ich gebe ihm das Buch.)
- Indefinite pronouns (jemand, niemand, etwas, nichts)
- Demonstrative pronouns (dieser, jener, solcher)
- Relative pronouns – basic use in nominative & accusative
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B1 Level (Intermediate)
Main goal: Express opinions, discuss experiences, narrate events, use complex structures.
1. Verbs & Tenses
- Past tense (Präteritum) for all common verbs
- Past perfect (Plusquamperfekt)
- Future tense I (Futur I)
- Passive voice (Präsens and Präteritum)
- Reflexive verbs in different tenses
- Verbs with genitive (sich erinnern, sich bedienen – advanced)
2. Sentence Structure
- Relative clauses (nominative, accusative, dative, genitive)
- Indirect speech (Konjunktiv I)
- Conditional sentences (wenn + würde / hätte / wäre)
- Word order in complex sentences (main + subordinate combinations)
- Consecutive and concessive clauses (damit, obwohl, während, sobald)
3. Cases & Prepositions
- Genitive case (articles, endings, usage)
- Genitive prepositions (trotz, während, wegen, innerhalb, außerhalb)
4. Adjectives & Pronouns
- Full adjective declension (all cases)
- Nominalized adjectives (der Alte, das Gute)
- Relative pronouns with prepositions (mit dem, über den, etc.)
- Reflexive pronouns in different cases
5. Advanced Grammar
- Passive voice with modal verbs
- Verb–noun combinations (Entscheidung treffen, Einfluss haben)
- Expanded infinitive with “zu” (ohne … zu, anstatt … zu)
- Participles as adjectives (die geschriebene Aufgabe, das reparierte Auto)
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Total grammar topics (A1 → B1): ~61 main topics
