【环境科学与工程】基于Pearson相关性分析的曼萨加尔湖水质参数趋势研究：物理化学参数评估与水体质量指数计算资源-CSDN下载

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Pearson‘s correlation and trend analysis for physico-chemical

parameters of Mansagar Lake, Jaipur

Yuvraj Singh

, Manish Kumar Jain

Research scholar,

Associate Professor

Department of Environmental Science and Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad

Corresponding author: bharatyuvraj4@gmail.com

Abstract: The article reviews the constituent‘s physico-chemical parameters in the water of the Mansagar Lake of the Jaipur City. The

water quality is also investigated using evaluated physico-chemical parameters with in-depth study of their distribution as per sample

location-wise and season-wise. A detailed discussion on the associationship among parameters (pH, Conductivity, turbidity, dissolved

Oxygen, chemical and Biochemical Oxygen demand, etc.) using the Pearson‘s analytical method is also presented. The strength of the

article is the graphical presentation of evaluated physico-chemical parameters and the water quality indices for sample station-wise and

the season-wise. To our best of understanding, first time such details have been clubbed together and discussion in brief for studied

lake.

Keywords: Mansagar Lake, Physico-chemical parameters, Water quality investigation, Trend analysis, Pearson‘s

correlation analysis.

Introduction:

Various processes and parameters are identified in past, which mainly affects the water quality of a lake such as inputs

from rain, effects of erosion and the weathering of the crustal material apart from other sources of pollutants such as

agricultural, industrial, and otherurban activities [1]. Fragile ecosystem for lakes can be ensured by controlling the

human encroachment and possible sources of pollutants. Ever increasing human settlement, uncontrolled agricultural

practices and use of non-scientific drainage systems accelerate the eutrophication process in the urban water bodies

such as ponds, lakes, etc. [2-3], which results in excessive nutrient and growth of algae and fungi. Since last century,

contamination contents particularly for the Indian water bodies such as lakes, ponds, rivers, dam etc. have been noticed

with growing trends, which are mainly caused by dense population, illegal settlements, eutrophication and the silt

deposition, etc. [4-6]. Jaipur is one of the Indian cities, which are rich in heritage, cultural, forts, lakes and ancient

structures. Due to its high cultural and heritage values, it attracts lots of tourists in almost all seasons and throughout the

year. Among all tourist attractions; the Mansagar Lake popularly known as Jalmahal lake has its own and unique

importance. However its water quality is at risk and has been subjected to various pollution sources; point and non-point

sources [7].

Effluents from municipal facilities such as drain also leaddegradation in its water quality. Lack of proper planning in

past had also been increasing the sedimentation of the pollutants, which resulting into the reduced water surface area

and increase in the evaporation rate. This article explain the measurement of important constituent physico-chemical

parameters such as pH, conductivity, turbidity, dissolved Oxygen (DO), chemical and Biochemical Oxygen demand

(COD, BOD), total organic carbon (TOC), total dissolved solids (TDS) and Chloride. Distribution of these parameters as

per sample, location-wise and environmental condition-wise are plotted to understand the water quality of the lake in

Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 14 September 2021 doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0237.v1

depth. The water quality index (WQI) is one of the most effective tools to develop management strategies to control

surface water pollution [8-10]. Some of the dominant parameters evaluated were then used to determine the WQI for

the studied Jalmahal (Mansagar) lake and the results are plotted to check their distribution profile as per the prevailing

and other external environmental situations. The correlation analysis among the physico-chemical parameters for a water

body is a bivariate analysis, which defines the strength and direction of association between two parameters. The

Pearson‘s correlation is a method of covariance, it is considered as the best method to measure the association between

two continuous variables [11]. In the later part of the article, we have also outlined the calculated associationship among

evaluated physico-chemical parameters with use of Pearson‘s correlation method concepts.

Study Area: The Mansagar (Jalmahal) Lake, Jaipur

The Mansagar Lake is located in the northwest part of the city with a palace in the middle; the Jalmahal built by

Mansingh (I), in the year 1610. The Lake is located in the middle surrounding three hills and was constructed by building

a dam over a river; the Dravawati, to address the drought in the surrounding lands [12]. During post-independence era,

especially in the year 1962, the city administration diverted the sewage disposal of two large drainstowards the lake and

from that stage the situation started getting worst for the fresh water source of the Pink city [12-14]. The dimension of the

lake can be classified as the water surface area about 139 hectares and the catchment area of 23.5 sq. km with an average

depth ranging 1.5m to 4.5m. Nearly half of its catchment area located near to dense urban area and the remaining area is

covered by denuded hills. Due to discharge of organic waste the aquatic weeds started growing over the lake, which

suppresses the aquatic life in the lake.

In view of maintaining its heritage value, year 1999 onwards, the responsible Government agencies started taking strict

action for the revival of the Jalmahal region. The present status of the lake is much better as it has been developed into a

tourist attraction as shown in the figure 1(a). However with increasing tourist activities, the lake front has been fuelled

with solid waste and bread crum feeding since long. Also mixing of waste food, paper and plastic in the lake have been a

challenging issue for management of the lake since long. The ground water sources near to the lake have been found

affected with severe contaminations caused by mixing of untreated sewage water with the lake since long. Therefore,

most of nearby water sources are unfit for their use as drinking source and posing serious health hazard to living beings.

Moreover, situation becomes worse during rainy seasons, when the excess rain water flow into the lake with mingled

with the pollution contents from adjoining rough areas and the roads.

For our study, we have selected the samples collection station on the basis of anthropologicalactivities around the lake,

and the surroundings. After a detailed study on previous water quality report and the restoration works done in past,

eleven important sites were chosen to collect and monitor the water quality for two applicable seasons (Pre- and Post-

monsoon). As shown in the figure 1(b), the stations from L

to L

were chosen at the edge of the lake, while the stations

from L

to L

were across its width in almost in the centre. To analysis the water quality assessment of the studied lake,

rigorous efforts have been placed to evaluate important physico-chemical parameters for its water. Standard

procedures for sample collection and evaluation of physico-chemical parameters have been applied as discussed in our

previous work [14]. As part of exercises, many roundsphysical and chemical tests were performed to calculate factors

like pH, turbidity, DO, COD, BOD and many others.

Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 14 September 2021 doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0237.v1

Fig. 1 (a) the panoramic view of Mansagar Lake, courtesy: https://www.jaipurcityblog.com (b) the sample stations,

courtesy https://www.google.com/maps/@26.9554737,75.8470802,16z.

Evaluation and distribution plots of Physico-chemical parameters and metal constituents:

In this section, we shall be discussing corresponding distribution plots as per sample locations and their maximum,

minimum and mean values. Comparison of parameters evaluated for the samples taken from various locations of the

Jalmahal (Mansagar) lake was done as prescribed in water act 1974 for Pre- and Post-Monsoon seasons and tabulated as

depicted by table 1 and 2. From these tables, it is clear that for post-monsoon days, evaluated pH values have been found

in variation from 7.58–8.46 (pH unit) for stations at the edges and in the range of 8.59– 8.84 at the central (across the

width) stations with mean values of 8.0 and 8.7 respectively.The pH values are relatively consistent at most of the central

stations, while lowest and highest values were noticed at Station L

and L

, respectively. On the other hand, the pH value

of the lake has been found 8.22 – 8.87 during the pre-monsoon season with anaverage value of 8.70. The water is

conductive in nature due to generation of the ions by salty and inorganic contents, which may increase if electrolytes are

added [15-17]. The conductivity for the Mansagar lake water found to be in higher ranges, which indicate excess clay and

limestone mixing with the lake from the surrounding hills. With our study, the conductivity of the lake water remains in

the range 1019 µS/cm– 1477 µS/cm with a mean value; 1291.64 µS/cm for samples collected post-monsoon days. Also

reason for conductivity may remains at higher levels during the pre-monsoon days due to extreme temperature and huge

evaporation process in peak summers. The observed conductivity range was 1650 µS/cm– 1890 µS/cm with a mean

value; 1763.64 µS/cm for samples collected pre-monsoon days, which actually correlate its values with impact of varied

environmental conditions.

Table 1Evaluated physico-chemical parameters for the lake water (Pre- and Post-Monsoon seasons)

Sample

Locations

(pH unit)

Conductivity

(µS/cm)

Turbidity

(NTU)

TDS

(mg/L)

Pre-M

Post-M

Pre-M

Post-M

Pre-M

Post-M

Pre-M

Post-M

St.-L

8.58

7.58

1700

1070

3.0

7.3

1575

1776

St.-L

8.79

7.45

1650

1137

3.4

5.6

1554

1728

St.-L

8.42

8.57

1810

1472

2.2

8.2

1710

1968

St.-L

8.72

7.95

1750

1359

2.9

8.2

1625

1776

St.-L

8.78

8.46

1740

1019

2.4

5.2

1855

2064

St.-L

8.22

8.59

1780

1473

2.8

3.2

1710

1840

St.-L

8.87

8.63

1830

1373

2.7

3.2

1730

1824

St.-L

8.85

8.78

1890

1477

2.1

2.5

1745

1810

St.-L

8.82

8.62

1810

1412

2.2

2.8

1718

1824

St.-L

8.87

8.78

1760

1217

2.2

2.5

1732

1850

St.-L

8.86

8.84

1680

1199

2.3

2.8

1722

1824

Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 14 September 2021 doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0237.v1

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