n ingls podemos distinguir tres tipos de oraciones

condicionales:

FIRST CONDITIONAL
El primer tipo nos indica que una situacin ocurrir con
seguridad en el futuro.
[if + presente simple] + [futuro simple (will)]
If he finishes his homework, hell go to the cinema.

SECOND CONDITIONAL
El Segundo tipo de condicional indica que una accin podra
ocurrir. Tiene un matiz de duda.
[if + pasado simple] + [condicional simple (would)] (Duda)
If I met Leonardo DiCaprio, Id ask him for his autograph.

THIRD CONDITIONAL
El tercer tipo de condicional indica la imposibilidad de que una
accin hubiese tenido lugar.
[if + pasado perfecto simple] + [condicional perfecto (would
have+participio)
If she had got up earlier, she wouldnt have missed the train.

El Condicional en Ingls
En el condicional imaginamos que pasara bajo ciertas condiciones
imaginarias.
If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world.
Si tuviera yo mucho dinero, viajara por todo el mundo.
(No tengo mucho dinero pero estoy imaginando que hara si tuviera
mucho.)
En oraciones condicionales, ponemos el verbo en el pasado en la parte
de la oracin que empieza con la palabra if (aunque no refiere al
pasado). Si el verbo es negativo, usamos el verbo auxiliar didn't igual
como con verbos en el pasado. En la segunda parte de la oracin (la
parte sin la palabra if) usamos el verbo auxiliar would. Si la oracin es
negativa, usamos would not o la contraccin wouldn't.
If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world.
If I had a lot of money, I wouldn't work.
Podemos poner la parte de la oracin que empieza con if primero o
segundo, pero si lo ponemos primero, tenemos que poner una coma
despus de esa parte de la oracin.
If I had a lot of money, I wouldn't work.
I wouldn't work if I had a lot of money.

NOTA #1:
El verbo to be es un poco diferente en oraciones condicionales. Esto es
un aspecto de gramtica que est cambiando. Antes en los libros de
gramtica decan que se tena que decir . . .
If I were rich, I would travel around the world.

En oraciones condicionales como sta, el verbo to be siempre tena que

ser were, aun en la primera y tercera persona singular (I, he, she, it).
Antes se consideraba mala gramtica decir was en este tipo de oracin.
Esto est cambiando y ahora hasta en libros de gramtica ponen las dos
alternativas (was y were).
If I was rich, I would travel around the world.
If I were rich, I would travel around the world.

NOTA #2:
No olvides que could es el pasado del verbo auxiliar can.
Usamos could en lugar de canpara indicar una situacin imaginaria.
If I could fly like a bird, I would sell my car.
Si pudiera volar como un pjaro, vendera mi carro.
Tambin podemos usar could en lugar de would en oraciones
condicionales para significarpodra.
If I had wings, I could fly like a bird.
Si tuviera alas, podra volar como un pjaro.

Prctica
Escribe oraciones condicionales con la informacin dada.
ejemplos
If/win the lottery/no work
If I w on the lottery, I w ouldn't w ork.

travel to Europe/if/have a private airplane

I w ould travel to Europe if I had a private airplane.

1. If/speak English well/get a good job

2. If/have enough money/buy a new car

3. move to a different neighborhood/if/can afford it

4. get married/if/meet the right man

5. If/have more vacation time/travel

6. exercise/if/have a membership at a gym

7. no shop at cheap stores/if/have more money

8. If/no have children/go out dancing at night

9. If/no have a computer/no visit the Ingles Mundial web site

10. no work long days/if/no need money

Ms Prctica
Qu haras t en estas situaciones? Termina la oracin con el
condicional. No hay respuestas correctas ni incorrectas.
ejemplo
If I were rich,

I w ould travel around the w orld.

If I were the president of my country,

If I had a million dollars,
If I were invisible,
If I were young again,
If I could speak English perfectly,

Zero conditional
Este condicional refiere a una situacin que es siempre verdadera (verdades
universales): If you freeze water, it turns into ice.
If clause

Main clause

If + Present tense

Present tense

If you freeze water

it turns into ice.

Si

Si

Si

Si

Si

Si

Si

If you freeze water, it turns into ice.

congelas el agua, se convierte en hielo.
If I work too much, I get tired.
trabajo demasiado, me canso.
If I have time, I usually go to the movies.
tengo tiempo, generalmente voy al cine.
If she eats hamburgers, she gets an allergy.
ella come hamburguesas, le da alergia.
If they come here, they always bring a present.
ellos vienen aqu, siempre traen un regalo.
If she doesn't know the answer, she keeps silent.
ella no sabe la respuesta, se mantiene en silencio.
If we don't go out on Saturdays, we rent a video and stay home.
no salimos los sbados, alquilamos un video y nos quedamos en casa.

Primer condicional

Se forma con if + simple present + simple future. Se emplea cuando una situacin es
real o posible: If it rains today, I'll stay at home. Aqu tienes algunos ejemplos
traducidos.
If clause

Main clause

If + Present tense

will / can / may / must + verb

If it rains today,

I'll stay at home

Si

Si

Si

Si

Si

Si

Si

Si

If it rains today, I'll stay at home.

llueve hoy, me quedar en casa.
If he is busy now, I will come back tomorrow.
est ocupado ahora, regresar maana.
If I have time, I'll visit my parents this afternoon.
tengo tiempo, visitar a mis padres esta tarde.
If it is warm tomorrow, we'll go to the beach.
est caluroso maana, iremos a la playa.
If it is cold, you must wear warm clothes.
est fro, debes usar ropa abrigada.
If he doesn't do his homework, he can not go to the party.
l no hace su tarea, no puede ir a la fiesta.
If she doesn't call you, you can call her.
ella no te llama, t puedes llamarla.
If you work hard, you may become a millonaire someday.
trabajas duro, puede que te conviertas en un millonario algn da.

If you spend more than you earn, you'll become a poor man.
Si gastas ms de lo que ganas, te convertirs en un hombre pobre.
If they don't invite you, you must not go.
Si ellos no te invitan, no debes ir.
If we don't hurry, we'll miss our bus.
Si no nos apuramos, perderemos nuestro autobus.
If you pay now, you'll get a discount.
Si pagas ahora, obtendrs un descuento.
If they don't want to go out, they can stay home.
Si no quieren salir, se pueden quedar en casa.
If you drink too much, you'll get drunk.
Si bebes demasiado, te emborrachars.
If you feel sick, you must stay in bed.
Si te sientes enfermo, debes quedarte en cama.

If they don't come here, we'll have to go there.

Si ellos no vienen aqu, tendremos que ir all.

2da conditional
Refiere a una situacin hipottica y se forma segn la estructura if + simple past +
simple condicional. Aqu tienes algunos ejemplos traducidos.

If clause

Main clause

If + Past Simple

would / could / might + verb

If I won the lottery,

I would travel around the world.

If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world.

Si ganara la lotera, viajara por todo el mundo.
If I were in Brazil, I would go to Rio de Janeiro.
Si yo estuviese en Brasil, ira a Ro de Janeiro.
If I were you, I would buy that car.
Si yo fuese t, comprara ese auto.
If he were in my place, he wouldn't do this.
Si l estuviese en mi lugar, no hara esto.
If I had more money, I would buy a nice apartment.
Si yo tuviese ms dinero, me comprara un lindo apartamento.
If she had more time, she would travel more often.
Si ella tuviera ms tiempo, viajara ms a menudo.
If it were not raining, we could go out.
Si no estuviese lloviendo, podramos salir.
If we didn't have to work today, we could have a picnic.
Si no tuvisemos que trabajar hoy, podramos tener un picnic.

Si

Si

Si

Si

If they won the lottery, they wouldn't work any more.

ellos ganaran la lotera, no trabajaran ms.
If I saw her, I would ask her out.
la viera, la invitara a salir.
If you went to Brazil, you wouldn't want to come back.
fueras a Brazil, no querras regresar.
If they spoke Spanish, we would understand them.
ellos hablasen espaol, los entenderamos.


Si

Si

Si

Si

If he didn't live by the river, he couldn't go fishing.

el no viviera cerca del ro, no podra ir a pescar.
If I didn't want to go, I would tell you.
no quisiera ir, te lo dira.
If they worked for that company, they might have better salaries.
ellos trabajaran para esa compaa, podran tener mejores sueldos.
If she wrote a book, it would be a best-seller.
ella escribiese un libro, sera un best-seller.

Tercer conditional

Third Conditional, tambin -Type III- Refiere a una situacin hipottica del pasado y se
forma segn la estructura : if + past perfect + conditional perfect. Aqu tienes algunos
ejemplos traducidos.
If clause

Main clause

If + Past Perfect tense

would/could/might + have + past

participle

If I had won the lottery,

I would have traveled around the world.

Si

Si

Si

Si

Si

Si

Si

Si

If I had won the lottery, I would have traveled around the world.
yo hubiera ganado la lotera, habra viajado por todo el mundo.
If I had seen him, I would have told him about you.
lo hubiese visto, le habra contado acerca de ti.
If I had known the answer, I would have raised my hand.
hubiese sabido la respuesta, habra levantado mi mano.
If she had come on Saturday, I would have seen her.
ella hubiese venido el sbado, la habra visto.
If they had left earlier, they would have arrived on time.
ellos hubiesen salido ms temprano, habran llegado a tiempo.
If we had studied harder, we might have passed the test.
hubisemos estudiado ms duro, podramos haber aprobado la prueba.
If you had gone to Brazil, you would have had lots of fun.
tu hubieses ido a Brasil, habras tenido mucha diversin.
If I hadn't been so busy, I could have helped you.
no hubiese estado tan ocupado, te podra haber ayudado.

If you had phoned me, I would have known you were here.
Si tu me hubieses telefoneado, habra sabido que estabas aqu.
If they had invited us, we would have accepted at once.
Si ellos nos hubiesen invitado, habramos aceptado de inmediato.
If she had explained me the problem, I would have understood it.
Si ella me hubiese explicado el problema, lo habra entendido.
If I hadn't forgotten his number, I would have phoned him.
Si no hubiese olvidado su nmero, lo habra llamado.
If it hadn't rained, we would have gone fishing.
Si no hubiese llovido, habramos ido a pescar.
If my sister had been here, she would have enjoyed this.
Si mi hermana hubiese estado aqu, habra disfrutado esto.
If they hadn't drunk so much last night, they wouldn't have felt sick
today.
Si no hubiesen tomado tanto anoche, no se habran sentido enfermos hoy.
If he had worked more, he could have saved more money.
Si l hubiese trabajado ms, podra haver ahorrado ms dinero.

Verbos regular5e3s