Summary

Vocabulary

Audience: audiencia Mob: multitud (generalmente enojada o en

conciertos)
Crowd: multitud (en lugares públicos)
Groups: grupos

Observers: solo miran Glance: mirar por un tiempo corto y

rápidamente
Viewers: miran y toman parte por alguien
(generalmente en la tele) Stare: mirar fijo

Spectators: en partidos u otras actividades Notice: darse cuenta de algo, detectar algo

Watchers: personas que miran tele View: solo mirar

Witnesses: testigos Observe: mirar cuidadosamente

Sightseers: turistas *let´s sightsee* *vamos a Search: mirar cuidadosamente para encontrar
dar una vuelta o recorrer* algo

Onlookers: miran algo en público pero no Catch a sight of: mirar algo por un momento
participan
Inspect: mirar cuidadosamente para descubrir
Glimpse: mirar algo por un tiempo corto información

Examines: examinar algo

Pace: el ritmo al que vas (velocidad), el paso Route: una dirección en particular

Speed: cuán rápido te moves Way: un camino

Velocity: la velocidad en la que un objeto se Direction: la dirección hacia la cual algo se

mueve mueve

Outing: un corto viaje por educación o placer Tour: un viaje donde se recorre todo un área

Travel: un viaje de larga distancia Cruise: crucero

Trip: un viaje por un corto tiempo Aisle: pasillo de avion o mercado

Voyage: un viaje en barco Excursion: pequeño viaje de placer que se hace

en grupos

Border: línea que divide un país de otro Limit: hasta donde se puede hacer algo, comer
algo, etc
Passage: corredor de un barco con habitaciones Edges: el punto más alejado
de cada lado

Lose: perder algo Spent: dar plata como forma de pago

Miss: evitar hacer algo, o llegar tarde a la Passed: pasar a alguien o una marca o meta
parada de colectivo, o extrañar

Fee: cuota (para profesionales) Commercial: relacionado a la compra-venta

Fund: fondo

Teens: adolescente Children: plural de child

Teenager: entre 13 y 19 años Childish: comportamiento de un niño

Child: desde el nacimiento hasta la adultez

Who: quien Where: donde

Whom: a quien That: que

Whose: quienes When: cuando

Whole: completo What: lo que

Which: cual/ el cual

I should: deberia Must: debe ser

I could: podria Ought to: debido a

I may have: puede tener Thrilled: lleno de emosion

Needn´t: innecesario Cheer: alentar

Can´t: imposible Might have: podria tener

Would: haria

Current affairs: evento politico o social que Network: red

esta sucediendo
News ítems: noticias
Broadcastings: radiodifusión
Satellite dish: antena
Gossip column: columna de chismes
Print version: version en papel
The headlines: los titulares Rights: permisos

News reader: solo leen Show off: tartar ser admirado

News reporter: opinan Role model: modelo a seguir

Scriptwriter: escritor del guion Make a name: hacerte conocido

Guest: invitado

Rape: violación Embezzlement: malversación

Hijacking: secuestro en avion Pickpocketing: carterista

Mugging: asalto Shoplifting: hurto

Robbery: robo a un banco o auto

Drugdealing: narcotrafico Smuggling: contraband

Kidnapping: secuestro Speeding: exceso de velocidad

Hooliganism: vandalismo Burglary: robo a una casa

Hacking: hacker

Advice: una opinion Unhappy: triste

Advise: avisar algo a alguien Unhappily: triste

Attraction: algo que hace a alguien querer ir a Unhappiness: triste adverb

un lugar para ver eso, o cuando te gusta alguien
Approval: sensacion de aprovacion
Attractive: algo que te gusta
Disapprove: pensar que alguien esta
Impatient: impaciente adjective equivocado

Impatiently: impaciencia Disapproving: demostras que no estas de

acuerdo con alguien
Impatience: impaciencia noun
Grow: crecer verb
Abnormally: diferente de lo que es usual
Grew: past simple
Normally: que algo pase de forma normal
Grown: past participle
Normal: usual

Inedible: incomible Recipe: receta

Harvested: cosechada Frying pan: sarten

Brine: salmuera Kettle: pava

Get rid of: sacarse de encima Receipt: recibo

To bum into: encontrarse de casualidad Bucket: balde

Willingness: deseo de hacer algo Path: pasillos de un bosque

Commencing: comenzar algo Lane: carriles de rutas

Suitable: apta para algo Rattle: sonidos cortos y repetidos

Towards: en esa dirección, hacia allá Brudget: respuesta

Flows: fluir Tripped: tropezar

Inch: pulgada Fittingroom: probador

Prepositions

Time:

On: días de la semana Before: antes de una fecha

In: meses, momento del día, año, después de To: para decir la hora
un periodo de tiempo
Past: para decir la hora
At: noche, fin de semana, hora especifica
Until/ To/ Till: para determinar el comienzo y
Since: fecha especifica fin de un periodo

For: por un periodo de tiempo Till/ Until: hasta cuando

Ago: en un lugar en el tiempo By: en un momento específico, at certain time

Place:

In: lugar, libros, auto, imagen Above: arriba de algo pero no sobre ella

At: next to, by an object, para table, eventos, Across: ir al otro lado,
lugares cotidianos
Through: pasar dentro de algo con límites
On: ríos, para right and left, pisos de un edificio, como paredes o techo
transporte público, televisión y radio
To: ir a un lugar, país, o cama
By/ next to/ beside: a la izquierda o derecha de
algo o alguien Into: entrar a un lugar

Under: abajo de algo Towards: moverse en dirección a algo

Below: abajo de algo pero arriba del suelo Onto: moverse arriba de algo

Over: cubriendo, más de, ir al otro lado, From: de donde viene algo
superar un obstáculo

Others:
From: quien lo dio Off: saliendo de un transporte publico

Of: de quien es o que muestra Out of: saliendo de un auto

By: quien lo hizo By: aumento o descenso de precios, viajando

On: caminando o montando algo, o entrando a At: una edad

un transporte publico
About: sobre algo, tópicos
In: entrando a un auto

Voices

Active voice: realza a la persona que realizo la acción

Passive voice: realza la acción y no a la persona que la hizo

Possitive and negative

Ability- Inability Advantage- Disadvantage

Agree- Disagree Appear- Disappear

Approval- Disapproval Legal- Ilegal

Attractive- Unattractive Like- Dislike

Belief- Unbelief Obedience- Disobedience

Believable- Unbelievable Patience- Impatience

Better- Worth Popular- Unpopular

Certainty- Uncertainty Possibility- Impossibility

Comfortable- Uncomfortable Possible- Unpossible

Dependent- Independent Prove- Disprove

Dress- Undress Recognisable- Unrecognisable

Employed- Unemployed Security- Insecurity

Enthudiasm- Apathy Special- Common

Happiness- Unhappiness Tidiness- Untidiness

Helpful- Unhelpful Write- Unwritte

Honesty- Dishonesty

Phrasal verbs

Act up: portarse mal Add in: incluir

Act like: portarse de una manera Add up: agregar/ encontrar sentido
Add up to: resumir Ask for: pedir

Answer back: ser respondon Ask in: invitar a entrar

Answer up: responder sin titubear Ask out: invitar a salir

Answer up to: tener lista una respuesta Allow for: tener en cuenta

Ask after: conseguir noticias sobre alguien

Back down: admitir la derrota Break out: fugarse

Back out: no hacer algo que ibas a hacer Bring forward: adelantar

Bank on: depender de que alguien haga algo Bring in: traer

Be about to: estar a punto de algo Bring on: provocar

Be after: buscar Bring out: launch/ sacar

Be against: oponerse Bring up: criar/ sacar un tema

Be away: estar lejos Bring round: despertar a alguien de una

inconciencia
Be behind with: llegar tarde con alguien
Bring down: reducir
Be down for: anotarse
Bring back: devolver
Be down in: fallar
Bring about: producir
Break down: deja de funcionar

Call off: suspender Come down with: enfermarse de algo que no

es serio
Carry on: seguir haciendo algo
Come forward: ofrecer ayuda o información
Catch on: popularizarse/ entender
Come into: heredar
Check in: registrar
Come off: tener éxito
Chase after: perseguir
Come on: algo empieza
Close down: clausurar
Come round: visitar
Come (a)round: sucede de nuevo
Come up with: pensar una idea
Come (a)round to: cambiar tu opinión o
decisión Cross out: tachar

Come across: toparse con alguien de casualidad Cut down on: reducir el consumo de algo

Come by: conseguir algo Cut off: detener el suministro de algo

 D

Draw on: usar tu conocimiento para hacer algo Drop off: llevar a alguien en auto

Die down: algo se transforma en algo menos Drop out: abandonar, retirar
ruidoso, poderoso o activo
Drown out: evitar que se escuche algo
Do away with: deshacerse de algo haciendo un ruido más alto

Do up: renovar, reparar

Fall for: enamorarse Fill in: rellenar

Fall out: pelearse Flick through: hojear algo

Get away: huir/ desconectar Give out: repartir

Get back: volver Give up: dejar de hacer algo que hacías
usualmente
Get by: tener lo suficiente de algo para poder
hacer lo que quieras Go down: disminuir

Get down: hacer que alguien pierda esperanzas Go into: entrar en algo

Get on: llevarse bien/ desenvolverse Go off: irse/ apagarse/ explotar

Get through: tener éxito/ superar Go on: durar/ suceder

Give away: regalar Go over: repasar

Give off: producir calor u olor Grown on: si algo growsonyou significa que le
gustas mas

Hand down: dar algo valioso a tu hijo o nieto Hand out: repartir

Hand in: entregar algo

Keep on: seguir haciendo algo Keep in: no dejar salir a alguien

Keep down: controlar el aumento Keep at: conservar

Leave out: excluir Look after: cuidar a alguien

Let down: defraudar Look down on: creerse mejor que el otro

Let off: perdonar Look into: investigar

Look out: cuidado!! Look up: buscar

Look up to: admirar y respetar

Make for: ser la causante de algo Make up for: compensar algo malo con algo
bueno
Make off: escapar rapidamente
Make up: inventar algo
Make out: distinguir

Name after: poner a alguien el mismo nombre Narrow down: reducir el numero de
que otra persona posibilidades u opciones

Pass away: morir Put down: soltar/ anotar a alguien

Pass out: desmayarse Put down to: pensar que algo pasa por una
razón
Pick on: hacer enojar
Put forward: sugerir una idea
Pick up: emprender/ recoger
Put off: retrasar algo
Pop in: ir a algun lugar rapido o por un corto
tiempo Put on: ponerse algo

Pull in: detenerse/ estacionar Put out: apagar algo

Pull off: lograr algo Put through: conectar a alguien con la persona
que queria llamar o ver
Pull through: sobrevivir
Put to: emparejar/ decir algo de una
Put by: ahorrar dinero determinada manera

Run out of: usar completamente algo y que no Run over: golpear a alguien con un vehiculo
sobre nada para matarlo

Sail through: tener éxito facilmente Set up: empezar un negocio

See off: acompañar a alguien a un aeropuerto Settle down: mudarse a un lugar

para despedirse estable/adaptarse

Set off: empezar un viaje Show off: comportarse de una forma que capte
la atencion de otros
Set out: partir
Stand out: ser facil de reconocer/ ser mejor
Set to: empezar a hacer algo de forma que otros
determinada o entusiasta
Stop over: pernoctar
 T
Take aback: sorprenderse por algo que alguien Try on: probarse una prenda para ver como te
hizo queda

Take after: comportarse como un adulto Turn down: negarse a aceptar una oferta

Take down: escribir informacion o una Turn in: ir a la cama a la noche

declaracion
Turn into: cambiar en algo diferente
Take in: engañar a alguien haciéndole creer una
mentira Turn off: dejar de usar un equipo presionando
un botón o interruptor
Take off: despegar/ volverse popular/ tirar algo
Turn out: obtener un resultado particular sin
Take on: pelear o competir/ empezar a hacer o esperarlo
usar algo
Turn over: dar vuelta una pagina
Take to: empezar a hacer algo como un habito
Turn round: regresar por el mismo lugar de
Tear down: demoler una estructura donde viniste

Throw away: deshacerse de algo que ya no Turn up: aparecer

quieres
Turn on: pretender

Wear off: dejas de sentir un sentimiento

Verb collocations

With HAVE:  Lunch  The washing up

 Sympathy  Your best
 A bath  Your hair
 A drink With DO:  Your homework
 A good time
 A haircut  Business With MAKE:
 A holiday  Nothing
 A problem  Someone a favour  A difference
 A relationship  The cooking  A mess (lio)
 A rest (un  The housework  A mistake
descanso)  The shopping  A noise
  An effort  Money  Room (espacio)
 Furniture  Progress  Trouble

With TAKE: With BREAK: With CATCH:

 A break  A habit  A bus

 A chance  A leg  A ball
 A look  A promise  A cold
 A rest  A record  A thief (un ladron)
 A seat  A window  Fire (incendiarse)
 A taxi  Someone´s heart  Sight of
 An exam  The ice  Someone´s
 Notes  The law attention
 Someone´s place  The news to  Someone´s eye
 Someone´s someone  The flu (gripe)
temperatura  The rules

With PAY: With SAVE: With KEEP:

 A fine (multa)  Electricity  A diary

 Attention  Energy  A primise
 By credit card  Money  A secret
 Cash  One´s strength (la  An appointment
 Interest fuerza)  Calm
 Someone a  Someone a seat  Control
compliment  Someone´s life  In touch
 Someone a visit  Something to a disk  Quiet
 The bill  Space  Someone´s place
 The Price  Time  The change
 Your respects  Yourself the trouble

 Direct
 Early
 First
 Into view (a la luz)
 Last
 Late
 On time
 Prepared
 Right back (a la derecha)
 Second
 To a compromise
 To a decision
 To an agreement
With COME:  To an end
 To a standstill (punto muerto)
 Close  To terms with
 Complete with  To a total of
  Under attack  Deaf (quedarse sordo)
 Fishing
With GO:  Mad
 Missing (perderse)
 Abroad (al extranjero)
 On foot
 Astray (extraviarse)
 Online
 Bad
 Out of business
 Bald (quedarse calvo)
 Overseas (al extranjero)
 Bankrupt
 Quiet
 Blind (quedarse ciego)
 Siling
 Crazy
 To war
 Dark
 Yellow

With GET:

 A job  Permission
 A shock (impactado)  Pregnant
 Angry  Ready
 Divorced  Started
 Drunk  The impression
 Frightened  The message
 Home  The sack (ser despedido)
 Lost  Upset
 Married  Wet
 Nowhere  Worried

Miscellaneous collocations:

 Time:

 Bang on time  Right on time

 Dead on time  Run out of time
 Early 12th century  Sabe time
 Free time  Spare time
 From dawn till dusk  Spend some time
 Great deal of time  Take your time
 Late 12th century  Tell someone the time
 Make time for  Time goes by
 Next few days  Time passes
 Past few weeks  Waste time

 Business english:

 Anual turnover  Close a meeting

 Bear in mind  Come to the point
 Break off negotiations  Dismiss an offer
 Cease trading  Draw a conclusion
 Chair a meeting  Draw your attention to
 Close a deal  Launch a new product
  Lay off staff  Make a profit
 Go bankrupt  Market forces
 Go into partnership  Sales figures
 Make a loss  Take on staff

OF SOMEONE:  Intelligent of
 Clever of
 Nice of  Sensible of
 Kind of  Polite of
 Good of  Rude of
 Stupid of  Unreasonable of
 Silly of

TO SOMEONE:

 Nice to  Rude to
 Kind to  Pleasant to
 Good to  Friendly to
 Polite to  Cruel to

ABOUT SOMETHING/ WITH SOMEONE/ FOR SOMETHING

 Angry about/with/for  Furious about/with/for

WITH SOMETHING:  Satisfied with

 Bored with
 Pleased with  Fed up with
 Disappointed with

AT SOMETHING/ BY SOMETHIG:

 Surprised at/by  Amazed at/by

 Shocked at/by  Astonished at/by

ABOUT SOMETHING:

 Excited about  Upset about

 Worried about  Sorry about

OF SOMEONE/ OF SOMETHING:

 Afraid of  Terrified of
 Scared of  Proud of
 Frightened of  Ashamed of

AT (DOING) SOMETHING:  Good at

  Bad at  Brilliant at
 Excellent at  Hopeless at

FOR SOMEONE:

 Be for  Feel sorry for

FOR SOMETHING:

 Famous for  Responsible for

OF SOMETHING:

 Full of  Short of

TO SOMEONE: FOR DOING SOMETHING:

 Married  Sorry for

IN SOMETHING: ON SOMETHING:

 Interested in  Keen on

OF SOMETHING/ OF SOMEONE:

 Fond of

WITH (PEOPLE)

 Crowded with

TO SOMETHING

 Similar to

BY SOMETHING

 Fascinated by

Grammar

Despite can´t be followed by a “that” clause. Is often followed by the –ing form

In spite of can be followed by “the fact that”

Although is usually followed by the –ing form

In spite of and despite can be followed by the same things

Despite and although aren´t followed by the same grammatical structure.

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Had better: when we give advise to others. Similar to should

Would rather: is used when there is a preference

Further: si es adjetivo significa mas, adicional, extra. Como adverbio significa mas alla, adelante, mas a
fondo, además

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We can use occur as a more formal synonym of happen, or to mean exist. Is followed by “to someone”.

When happen is followed by “to someone” it means affect someone, or be experienced by someone.

We used take place for organized, planned or controlled events.

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Present simple: am/is/are + verb -s

Present continuous: am/is/are + verb -ing

Present perfect simple: has/have + past verb

Past simple: was/were + past verb

Past continuous: was/were + verb –ing

Past perfect: had + past verb

Future simple: will + infinitive

Going to: am/is/are + going to + infinitive

Future perfect: will have + past participle

Agent: by

Instrument: with

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So: means very

Such: means very and is used before an adjective and noun

Too: means there is a lot of something. It shows a negative opinion

Enough: means that you have what you need

Gramatical patterns

 Make someone do something

 Cause someone to do something
 Arrange (for someone) to do something
 Let someone do something
 Allow someone to do something
 Be capable of doing something
 Be able to do something
  Be made to do something
 Be forced to do something
 Be allowed to do something
 Be careful! Be let = be allowed
 It is someone´s responsibility to do something
 Someone has responsibility for doing something
 Someone is responsible for doing something
 It is someone´s duty to do someting

Auxiliar verbs

Have:

 Has become  Having peeled the vegetables

 Have been cooking

Do:

 He does cook  It does seem to me

Be:

 I have always been fascinated by  This cocktail was created at

 It could be described  Apart from being very tasty
 There is a lot to be learnt

Nouns, verbs and adjectives

 Suffixes

Nouns: Adjectives:

 -ness  -y
 -y  -ly
 -sion  -less
 -dom  -ous
 -ant  -ant
 -ity  -ful
 -al  -ed
 -ment  -able
 -ance  -al
 -ence  -ive
 -tion  -en
 -ing  -ary
 -ship  -ing
 -ible

Verbs: Adverb:

 -ise  -ly
 -en

Nouns

-ment

 Achievement  Encouragement
 Agreement  Enjoyment
 Amusement  Entertainment
 Announcement  Excitement
 Argument  Improvement
 Arrangement  Involvement
 Development  Judgement
 Embarrassment  Measurement
 Employment  Payment

-tion

 Action  Intendtion
 Addition  Invention
 Appreciation  Investigation
 Association  Obligation
 Attention  Observation
 Competition  Organisation
 Construction  Preparation
 Conversation  Pretention
 Decoration  Production
 Explanation  Qualification
 Information  Solution
  Variation

-ance

 Appearance  Disturbance
 Attendance  Importance
 Distance  Performance

-ence

 Correspondence  Insistence
 Difference  Occurrence
 Evidence  Patience
 Existence  Reference
 Independence  Residence

-y

 Accurancy  Machinery
 Ability  Majority
 Activity  Popularity
 Anxiety  Possibility
 Delivery  Security
 Describability  Tendency
 Honesty  Variety

-ness

 Fitness  Shortness
 Largeness  Willingness
 Lowness  Weakness
 Trueness  Witness

-th

 Length  Depth
 Death  Throught
 Width  Strength
 Breadth

Adjectives

-able

 Adorable  Desirable
 Agreeable  Enjoyable
 Believable  Profitable (redituable)
 Comfortable  Suitable
 Countable  Valueable

-ful

 Careful  Delightful
  Faithful  Successful
 Harmful  Terrorful
 Helpful  Thankful
 Hopeful  Useful
 Powerful

-less

 Careless  Powerless
 Countless  Thoughtless
 Endless  Voiceless
 Helpless  Tasteless
 Hopeless  Useless

-ive

 Attractive  Massive
 Effective  Repulsive
 Expensive  Deppresive
 Impressive

-ous

 Anxious  Mysterious
 Dangerous  Nervous
 Delicious  Numerous
 Glamorous  Nutritious
 Jealous  Victorious
 Famous  Zealous
 Humorous

-al

 Practical  Political
 Colossal  Substantial
 Industrial  Additional

-y

 Fancy (lujoso)  Clumsy (torpe)

 Unsightly (feo)  Grumpy (gruñon)
 Daily  Itchy (picante)
 Easy  Lazy (perezoso)
 Mushy (pulposo)  Panicky
 Shy (timido)  Scary
 Happy  Chubby (regordete)
 Jolly (alegre)  Skinny (flaco) = Scrawny
 Lively (animado)  Teeny (chiquitin)
 Silly (tonto)  Tiny (minusculo)
 Witty (ingenioso)  Noisy
 Angry  Rasply (rasposo)
  Early  Creepy (horripilante)
 Greasy (grasoso)  Cuddly (mimoso)
 Juicy  Curly
 Icy (glacial)  Dirty
 Prickly (espinoso)  Dry
 Rainy  Dusty (polvoriento)
 Salty  Filthy (inmundo)
 Sticky (pegajoso)  Flaky (escamoso)
 Spicy  Fluffy (mullido)
 Yummy  Empty
 Bumpy (desigual)  Heavy
 Chilly (frio)  Many

Make and do

Make:

 An appointment  A decision  A loss

 The best of  An effort  Love
something  A fortune  A move
 A complaint  A job  An observation
 A difference  An attempt  An offer
 Fun of someone  Believe  A payment
 A meal  A change  Plans
 A noise  A choice  A point
 Sense  A comment  A prediction
 Someone do  A confession  A profit
something  A date  Progress
 Up your mind  A discovery  A promise
 An arrangement  An error  A remark
 A drink  Your scape  A reservation
 A fuss  An exception  A scene
 A mess  An excuse  A sound
 A phone call  A face  A speech
 A suggestion  A fire  The bed
 The bed  A fool of yourself  Time
 Certain  An impression  Trouble
 Friends  A joke  A visit
 A mistake  A journey  Your way
 A plan  A list  Money
 Sure

Do:

 An exercise  The shopping  Some work

 The housework  The washing-up  Well
 Your best  Damage  Your good
 The cooking  Your duty  Research
 An experiment  Good  Badly
 Homework  The ironing  Business
 A course  Harm  Time
 A drawing  A job  Work
 An exam  Your nails  Your worst
 The gardening  A painting  Someone a favour
 Your hair  Paperwork

Comparatives and superlatives

 It´s

 It´s supposed  It´s thought

 It´s said  It´s considered
 It´s believed  It´s known

Conditionals

 1 conditional: if + present simple + ,person will + infinitive

If I have time, I will stay with you

 2 conditional: if + past simple + ,person + would + infinitive

If I had time, I would stay with you

  3 conditional: if + past perfect + ,person + would + present perfect + past participle

If I had time, I would have stayed with you

Changes in the reported speech

 Present simple- past simple  Here- there

 Will future- would  These- those
 Present continuous- past continuous  Me- him or her
 Present perfect- past perfect  Last week- previous week
 Past simple- past perfect  My- his or her
 Yo- he or she

Wish and only

 Present: I wish + past simple

I wish I was in Bariloche right now

 Future: I wish + would + infinitive (annoyed)

If only I could go on vacation next week

I wish + could + infinitive

I wish I could visit Cordoba

 Past: I wish + past perfect (regret)

If only I had started going to the gym earlier

Wishes and regrets

 Wishes- present: I wish + past

I wish I had straight hair

Annoying situation: I wish my neighbours would not listen to that kind of music

 Regrets- past: wish + past perfect

I wish it hadn´t rained last weekend

She wishes she had studied to pass

We wish our dog had had more puppies

Compound nouns

Noun + noun: babyclothes

Verb + noun: cook book

Adjective + noun: green house

Noun + preposition: fall out

 Past probabilities and deductions

50% certain:

 may have done

 Might have done
 Could have done

90% certain:

 Must have done

 Can´t have done

 If + present simple, will + infinitive: there´s a possibility

If I have time, I´ll cook

 If + past simple, would + infinitive: there isn´t a possibility

If I had time, I would take a nap

 If + past perfect, would + present perfect: regret

If I had studied more, I would have passed the exam

HOW TO WRITE A REVIEW

1. The introduction should:

 Catches the reader´s attention
 Identifies the thing you´ll be reviewing
 Identifies the author, star, or director
2. Write a full paragraph about each of the aspects you want to examine. You have to:
 Open with a topic sentence that says what the paragraph is about
 Has several details that prove the point you are trying to make
 Use quotes or examples from the book or movie to help prove your point
 You could try answering a couple of the following questions:
 Who was your favourite character, and why?
 Did the characters feel real to you?
 What was your favourite part of the book, and why?
 Were certain types of scene written particulary well?
 Did the book make you laugh or cry?
 Did the story grip you and keep you turning the pages?
 Talk about things that didn´t work for you:
 Did you wish the ending hadn´t been a cliffhanger because you found it frustrating?
 Was the story too scary for your liking, or focused on a theme you didn´t find interesting?
3. End with a conclusion paragraph that does the following:
 Restates briefly the main ideas of the review
 Makes a judgement about the book or movie whatever, saying wheter it is good or
bad
 Recommends that the reader go to the movie or read the book
 Suggest the type of reather you´d recommend the book to
 HOW TO WRITE AN ESSAY

1. Write your thesis statement.

Your thesis statement tells the reader the point of your essay. Your thesis statement will have two parts.
The first part states the topic, and the second part states the point of the essay.

2. Write the body.

The body of your essay argues, explains or describes your topic. Each main idea will become a separate
section within the body of your essay. Each body paragraph will have the same basic structure.

 First paragraph: it should contain the strongest argument, or most significant example. The first
sentence of this paragraph should include the "reverse hook" which ties in with the transitional
hook at the end of the introductory paragraph. The topic for this paragraph should be in the
first or second sentence.

 Second paragraph: it should contain the second strongest argument. The topic for this
paragraph should be in the first or second sentence. This topic should relate to the thesis
statement in the introductory paragraph.
 Third paragraph: it should contain the weakest argument. The last sentence in this paragraph
should include a transitional concluding hook that signals the reader that this is the final major
point being made in this paper. This hook also leads into the concluding paragraph

3. Write the introduction.

The introduction should attract the reader’s attention and show the focus of your essay. You can use
shocking information, dialogue, a quote, or a simple summary of your topic.

The introductory paragraph should tells the reader what the essay is about. The last sentence of this
paragraph must also contain a transitional "hook" which moves the reader to the first paragraph of the
body of the paper.

4. Write the conclusion.

Your conclusion should consist of three to five strong sentences. Simply review your main points and
provide reinforcement of your thesis. This paragraph should include the following:

 an allusion to the pattern used in the introductory paragraph,

 a restatement of the thesis statement, using some of the original language,
 a summary of the three main points from the body of the paper.
 a final statement that gives the reader signals that the discussion has come to an end.

5. Add the finishing touches.

Check the order of your paragraphs. Your strongest points should be the first and last paragraphs within
the body, with the others falling in the middle. Also, make sure that your paragraph order makes sense.
If your essay is describing a process, such as how to make a great chocolate cake, make sure that your
paragraphs fall in the correct order.
Finally, review what you have written. Reread your paper and check to see if it makes sense. Make sure
that sentence flow is smooth and add phrases to help connect thoughts or ideas. Check your essay for
grammar and spelling mistakes.

HOW TO WRITE AN ARTICLE

A realistic article should consist of:

1. An eye-catching title which attracts the readers’ attention and suggests the theme of the
article. Articles can also have subheadings before each paragraph.
2. An introduction which clearly defines the topic to be covered and keeps the reader’s attention.
3. The main body of two to five paragraphs in which the topic is further developed in detail.
4. The conclusion - summarising the topic or a final opinion, recommendation or comment

 In the introduction you :

Think of a title that will catch the reader’s attention, include the topic- you might not know
the reader personally, but you can address him/her directly (e.g. ask them a question)

Phrases you can use in the introduction:

o Addressing the reader:

 Have you ever..

 You absolutely must …
 Can you imagine …
 I’m sure you’d agree
 I must tell you about …
 You wouldn’t believe..

Phrases you can use to in the 2nd and 3rd paragraph:

o Giving a strong opinion

 It’s absolutely stunning / terrible (strong adjective).

 It took my breath away.
 I will never forget it.
 There’s nothing in the world like it.

o Adding and developing ideas

 For a start .. Secondly. / Thirdly./ Finally….

 And then there’s the fact that ..
 On top of that….
 Apart from that….
 I must also mention …
 As if this wasn’t enough, …

o Giving examples …. such as ../.. particularly …/ ….like…

In the 3rd Paragraph you :

 Give specific examples to bring your article to life

 Use informal language to involve the reader
 Don’t forget to express your opinion
 Be personal

In the last paragraph you :

 Finish with a sentence which summarises what you have said

 End with an interesting last sentence
 Give your opinion or express your feeling

Phrases you can use to end the letter

o Giving a personal response

 For me, / To me…..

 Personally, I think / find / believe …
 It seems to me … In my view…. One thing I love / remember …
 I’ll never forget …

HOW TO WRITE A REPORT

1. Introduction

You state the aim of the report and where you collected the information
You use headlines
You need to give a definition of terms and explain how the details of the report are arranged.
o Phrases used in the introduction:
 This report is intended to show / discuss / outline …
 The aim / purpose of this report is to …
 In this report I will

2. Body
There needs to be several sections, with each having a subtitle.
Balance the positive and negative points fairly
You can use numbering or bullet points to highlight main points
Use a range of specific vocabulary or set phrases e.g. Some thought this was …../ other students said
they preferred…
Don’t use a lot of adjectives and dramatic language.
If you wish, a “Discussion” section can be included at the end of the Body to go over your findings and
their significance.
o Reporting results:
 Some people are saying...
 Many people complained, suggested, recommended…
o Suggesting additional ideas
 Another option would be to …
 I would also suggest …
 Another point to consider is hat …
 Alternatively…. Moreover. / Furthermore.
 Apart from this / In addition to this
o Making recommendations:
  Therefore, I would recommend that..
 It would be advisable...
 I would strongly / highly recommend …
 My first / second recommendation would be to ..
 If my recommendations are followed, then …
 The best solution / ideas would seem to be …
o Presenting a list
 The following items should be taken into account
 Please, consider the following points:
1…. 2….
 I would suggest the following: … might like to consider the following:
 The following are highly recommended: 1….. OR 2. ……….
 They gave/ suggested the following reasons:
o Reporting findings
 It appears that the majority of …
 The only problem is that … .
 Most …(students seem) … .
 Not surprisingly, …
 According to …

 Conclusion
This is where everything comes together.
Keep this section free of jargon as most people will read the Summary and Conclusion.
Give the recommendations
Express opinions impersonally
Recommendations: Explain your recommendations, putting them in order of priority.
o Concluding and making recommendations
 All things considered, …
 We have no hesitation in recommending… .