[REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON CAP. INDUSTRIAL Peace-Work-Fatherlnd a Specialty ACRE (Air conditioning a corer ia Session : 2025 Duration : 4 hours Coot: + Written Paper MINESEC/ DECC CORRIGE NATIONAL HARMONISE / NATIONAL HARMONISED MARKING GUIDE ser supecr:__ TECHNOLOGY ACRE - 2025 SPECIALITE / SPECIAL’ JURY COMPOSE DE / MEMBERS OF THE JURY President Member Member (© Yaoundé, 10 Juin 2025 ss Tarmonied marlon gue CAP NOLO Page Yi,‘Questions ‘lations ‘Marke ‘observations PARTI: RESERVATION OF PRODUCT: 'S AND PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Bmarks ‘A tile to paragraphs Second paragraph : treatment of a non- contaminated (sane) animal product | > Third paragraph :Cooting preservation of meat (028 x 2= 0Smarks) | Definitions Dinstases = these are enzymes that speeds wp oF catalyzes the breakdown of carbohydrates int simpler sugar > Bnzymes: these are catalyst tat speeds up chemical | © cestions within living organisms > Retigeration; this is the process of Towering. the temperature of a substance oa point below room temperature t slow or stop the growth of microorganisms an slows the chemical reaction which causes the spoilage of foodstu without freezing them. > Freezing: this is the process of lowering the temperature ofa substance to a post where it solidifies, usually below ore, > Hydric det: Peviodof time whereby the animal drink only water (no other fod) before beng sarifced ease the removal of intra pars and reduce bacterial growth and hence improve the meat quality > Frigorife tripod: this i ast of tee steps or rules to follow for the conservation of foodstuff in order to (028 x 6 1Smark) ~ [At the appreciation of the jury Formonized marlanggulde CAP 2025 TECHNOLOGY Page ayy,‘ninimize food spoilage tnd achieve Tong conservation oF storage duration through reftigeration or freezing Give two Inconvenienoes liked tothe Teigeraton oF animal products [Texte changes = Flavour changes = Discoloration + Loss of nutrients tthe appreciation of| the ju Give wo advantages for the freezing oF carcasses oF snimal products = Bxtends shelf ite Prevents bacterial growth Mainains quality = Reduces waste (025 x 2=0.5mark) tthe appreciation of the jury al | Give the difference between freezing and fast freezing Freezing is the process of transforming liquid into solid by decreasing its temperature below its freezing point and larger ice crystals are formed while fast fieezing is a rapid freezing method which sims at ‘minimizing the time it take to reach a solid state and mark Harmonized marking gue CAP 2025 TECHNOLOGY Powe Wt,‘Smaller ice erystas are formed DDeserbe another preservation process for animal produsts that doesnt involve the use of reigeration Curing: his sa preservation method which involves using salt and other ingredients like sugar, ntites to preserve and flavor the meat. The sat draws out ‘moisture, creating an environment that isnot conductive to bacterial growth and the product can also he smoked, > Preservation by heat: + Appertization: Sterilization of food items inside Sled containers, ‘+ Pasteurization: Heating of aliments in order to destroy micro-organisms. + Sterilization: Destroy micro-organisms and thor ra High temperature treatment during & short Petiod of time, > Drying: The removal of water contents reduce bacterial growth on foodstuts > Preservation by the smooke: ‘Smooking: The combined action of gases during combustion of vegetal product gives the aroma and mark [At the appreciation of the jury ormorized marking guide CAP12025 TECHNOLOGY Page 4/4,preserve > Preservation by fermentation: + Bermentation: the wse of bacteria or yeast in oder to transform glucose into acids or alcohol giving unique taste and preserving foodstuls PART Il: EQUIPMENT AND FLUIDS OF REFRIGERATING SYSTEMS émarks Harmonised marking gue CAP 2075 TECHNOLOGY Pace Ya,Reference Filer drier leciomagnetie valve or solenoid valve Sight sass ~ temaly balanced termonnis expansion valve ‘Natur air Evaporator Room Thermostat Evaporator Pressure regulator Valve “Recumulator 0-10 20 = 2marks ‘ution line Hier HorizonalTiguid receiver Check valve Tlermeiie Compressor Condensing Pressure regulator valve ‘Air Condenser Dual pesturepressosiat or dual pressure switeh Fr security Capacity eglator valve ——— "armanized rorking glde CAP 2075 TECHNOLOGY Pose Ga,7 ‘il difieretial pressostat or ol pressure Switch 8 Tow pressure Presostal or Tow prosure switch {ie | High pressure pressostat or igh pressure switch w Oil separator Explain the operating principle ofthis systems Imark At the appreciation of the jury “This i a vapour compression refrigeration system which fanotions Tike any’ oiher reffigeration system. During normal working (vefigeration) there is cold and ice {formation on the evaporator. The system i equipped witha bypass line which aids or ‘comes in when there is need for defrosting as hot gas from the compressor flows lireetly to the evaporator and melts the ice on the surface of the evaporator coil before returning back othe compressor. Imark ‘Name wo types of deosting methods that can be applied fo that system and explain ow they work. > Hot gas defrosting: uses hot gas from the compressor though «bypass Tine t defrost the evaporator. > Electric defrosting: the evaporator is equipped with a heating resistance ‘which comes on when it's dfeosting time and melts the ice on the evaporator sure and is turned off after defrosting, Reverse cycle defrosting :During defostng period the evaporator works as a condenser and the condenser works as an evaporator. | (0.25marks 4 = Imark) Harmonized marking guide CAP 2025 TECHNOLOGY Pose Tha,Give thevwleofitem 4 and 4: Thermostatic expansion valve which controls or regulates the amount oF reffigerant entering the evaporator. > 9; Suetion line filter drier whose role is to remove moisture, acs and other contaminants from the refiigerant system, preventing damage tothe ‘compressor. 1. Define .Smark.x2= Imark 5 RC: Hydrauorocarbone . > POE : Polyol Ester 0.25x2-0,5mark ‘Give one impact of HFG&n the environment and explain ~"They fave a high global warming potential they tap a significant amount of heat in the atmosphere, leading to a rapid increase in atmospheric temperatures. mark Harmonized marking gulde CAP 2025 TECHNOLOGY age 8/4a,10,30Kw 10C ; O=40C; Subcooling=5eC ; Superhes °C O1= be. Superheate+-10.5=-5e°C O3-Ok-Subcooling+40-5=35°C Frigorific cycle on the enthalpy chart (see page 12/12): Imark ‘Compete the tale Points Pour) | Wari fo i se zh _ Ate apprevation of 2 18 396 the jury 3 ie as 4 a5 3st 3] Calebations ‘Questions Formulas ‘Applications PMiaris] | Arche appreciation of TI-Mass Now rte] p= qu(hl he) 10.20, Omak ofrefigern e the jury % .2smark for any 33, Volume CONTIN V, Omar — sucked % = 00d formula | Peg orale 0.25 mark for any: Tormented ma puide (API 2025 TECHNOLOGY 200d answer Powe fiz,3 Howry TS /h | Omak Volume swept a o.smark for any L = 00d formula a 7 P, =o KW 34, The real a = Set 05 mark for any power 00d answer absorbed (F,) | | Frigorit CoP T % rn [Atte appreciation of ES BEX Me Mn = ape Me XT & pes 2 nat wy X08 x 085 x 0.85 2.106 0.25mark forthe — | good furmola | (0.25mark for the 00d answer =| Comparing the COP: COP RAGGA > COPRET +] ~ —F 05 mark & | Condtusion ] | TRAOAA is more econ han RAE | ‘asmark = | Harmonized marking glde API 2025 TECHNOLOGY7. 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