pg_upgrade: Parallelize encoding conversion check.
This commit makes use of the new task framework in pg_upgrade to
parallelize the check for incompatible user-defined encoding
conversions, i.e., those defined on servers older than v14. This
step will now process multiple databases concurrently when
pg_upgrade's --jobs option is provided a value greater than 1.
Reviewed-by: Daniel Gustafsson, Ilya Gladyshev
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/
20240516211638.GA1688936%40nathanxps13