listAssign variables as if they were an array
&reftitle.description;
arraylistmixedvarmixedvars
Like array, this is not really a function,
but a language construct. list is used to
assign a list of variables in one operation.
Strings can not be unpacked and list expressions
can not be completely empty.
Before PHP 7.1.0, list only worked on numerical arrays and assumes
the numerical indices start at 0.
As of PHP 7.1.0, list can also contain explicit keys, allowing for the
destructuring of arrays with non-integer or non-sequential keys. For more details on
array destructuring, see the array destructuring section.
&reftitle.parameters;
var
A variable.
vars
Further variables.
&reftitle.returnvalues;
Returns the assigned array.
&reftitle.changelog;
&Version;&Description;7.3.0
Support for reference assignments in array destructuring was added.
7.1.0
It is now possible to specify keys in list. This
enables destructuring of arrays with non-integer or non-sequential keys.
&reftitle.examples;
<function>list</function> examples
]]>
An example use of <function>list</function>
query("SELECT id, name FROM employees");
while (list($id, $name) = $result->fetch(PDO::FETCH_NUM)) {
echo "id: $id, name: $name\n";
}
?>
]]>
Using nested <function>list</function>
]]>
&example.outputs;
The order in which the indices of the array to be consumed by
list are defined is irrelevant.
<function>list</function> and order of index definitions
'a', 'foo' => 'b', 0 => 'c');
$foo[1] = 'd';
list($x, $y, $z) = $foo;
var_dump($foo, $x, $y, $z);
]]>
Gives the following output (note the order of the elements compared in
which order they were written in the list syntax):
string(1) "a"
["foo"]=>
string(1) "b"
[0]=>
string(1) "c"
[1]=>
string(1) "d"
}
string(1) "c"
string(1) "d"
string(1) "a"
]]>
<function>list</function> with keys
As of PHP 7.1.0 list can now also contain
explicit keys, which can be given as arbitrary expressions.
Mixing of integer and string keys is allowed; however, elements
with and without keys cannot be mixed.
1, "name" => 'Tom'],
["id" => 2, "name" => 'Fred'],
];
foreach ($data as ["id" => $id, "name" => $name]) {
echo "id: $id, name: $name\n";
}
echo PHP_EOL;
list(1 => $second, 3 => $fourth) = [1, 2, 3, 4];
echo "$second, $fourth\n";
]]>
&example.outputs;
&reftitle.seealso;
eacharrayextract