[Windows]_[初级]_[GetVersionEx获取系统版本错误的原因]-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/infoworld/article/details/140937111

场景

开发WTL/ATL/Win32程序时, 有时候需要获取系统版本号，以便判断用户在使用软件时的系统。在某一天突然发现获取的系统版本号是错的, 一直是版本号6.2.x,什么情况？

说明

如果软件没有针对Win8.1或Win10以上的系统做兼容处理，返回的是Windows8的OS版本值6.2。这就是为什么只调用Win32 API GetVersionEx会一直返回6.2的版本号原因^[4]。要正确获取系统版本号，还要另外在程序清单文件里增加以下的配置，参考^[1].

<compatibility xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:compatibility.v1">
    <application>
        <!-- Windows 10 and Windows 11 -->
        <supportedOS Id="{8e0f7a12-bfb3-4fe8-b9a5-48fd50a15a9a}"/>
        <!-- Windows 8.1 -->
        <supportedOS Id="{1f676c76-80e1-4239-95bb-83d0f6d0da78}"/>
        <!-- Windows 8 -->
        <supportedOS Id="{4a2f28e3-53b9-4441-ba9c-d69d4a4a6e38}"/>
        <!-- Windows 7 -->
        <supportedOS Id="{35138b9a-5d96-4fbd-8e2d-a2440225f93a}"/>
        <!-- Windows Vista -->
        <supportedOS Id="{e2011457-1546-43c5-a5fe-008deee3d3f0}"/> 
    </application>
</compatibility>

以Visual Studio 2017为例，在项目属性-》清单工具-》输入和输出-》附加清单文件里增加文件gdi-aware.manifest.

注意以下部分时用于DPI处理的，可以去掉, 参考^[5]:

<asmv3:application>
  <asmv3:windowsSettings xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/SMI/2005/WindowsSettings">
    <dpiAware>true</dpiAware>
  </asmv3:windowsSettings>
</asmv3:application>

注意以下部分是针对32位程序的兼容性问题的, 如果只支持64位程序可以不用添加。

<trustInfo xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
    <security>
        <requestedPrivileges>
            <!--
              UAC settings:
              - app should run at same integrity level as calling process
              - app does not need to manipulate windows belonging to
                higher-integrity-level processes
              -->
            <requestedExecutionLevel
                level="asInvoker"
                uiAccess="false"
            />   
        </requestedPrivileges>
    </security>
</trustInfo>

例子

注意，这个文件一般用于嵌入清单，这样EXE程序不会因为没有清单文件而导致获取错误。
在没嵌入清单文件gdi-aware.manifest前，在Win11上获取系统版本号是6.2.9200 Service Pack 0.0, 嵌入之后的到正确的版本号10.0.22631 Service Pack 0.0。

test.cpp

void TestGetOSVersion()
{
	OSVERSIONINFOEX osver = { 0 };
	osver.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(OSVERSIONINFOEX);  

	// 6.2.9200 Service Pack 0.0
	// gdi-aware.manifest
	// 10.0.22631 Service Pack 0.0
	if (GetVersionEx((LPOSVERSIONINFO)&osver)){
		cout << osver.dwMajorVersion << "." << osver.dwMinorVersion << "." << osver.dwBuildNumber
			<< " Service Pack " << osver.wServicePackMajor << "."
			<< osver.wServicePackMinor << endl;
	}
	else {
		cout << "Error" << endl;
	}
}

gdi-aware.manifest

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<assembly xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" manifestVersion="1.0" xmlns:asmv3="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
    <asmv3:application>
      <asmv3:windowsSettings xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/SMI/2005/WindowsSettings">
        <dpiAware>true</dpiAware>
      </asmv3:windowsSettings>
    </asmv3:application>
    <compatibility xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:compatibility.v1">
        <application>
            <!-- Windows 10 and Windows 11 -->
            <supportedOS Id="{8e0f7a12-bfb3-4fe8-b9a5-48fd50a15a9a}"/>
            <!-- Windows 8.1 -->
            <supportedOS Id="{1f676c76-80e1-4239-95bb-83d0f6d0da78}"/>
            <!-- Windows 8 -->
            <supportedOS Id="{4a2f28e3-53b9-4441-ba9c-d69d4a4a6e38}"/>
            <!-- Windows 7 -->
            <supportedOS Id="{35138b9a-5d96-4fbd-8e2d-a2440225f93a}"/>
            <!-- Windows Vista -->
            <supportedOS Id="{e2011457-1546-43c5-a5fe-008deee3d3f0}"/> 
        </application>
    </compatibility>
    <trustInfo xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
        <security>
            <requestedPrivileges>
                <!--
                  UAC settings:
                  - app should run at same integrity level as calling process
                  - app does not need to manipulate windows belonging to
                    higher-integrity-level processes
                  -->
                <requestedExecutionLevel
                    level="asInvoker"
                    uiAccess="false"
                />   
            </requestedPrivileges>
        </security>
    </trustInfo>
 </assembly>