How Do Angel Investors Value Pre-Seed Startups?
At the pre-seed stage, startups often have no revenue and minimal traction — which makes traditional valuation methods like EBITDA multiples useless. Instead, angel investors rely on a mix of early-stage valuation methodologies such as:
📊 Berkus Method – assigns value to elements like the team, prototype, market size, and strategic relationships.
⚖️ Scorecard Method – compares the startup against averages from similar deals in the region, adjusting for strengths and weaknesses.
💰 Venture Capital Method – estimates the exit value and works backward, applying expected ROI multiples.
🔮 Risk Factor Summation – starts from a baseline valuation and adjusts up or down based on 12 common risk factors (management, competition, legislation, etc.).
The truth is, at this stage, investors look beyond numbers. While valuation methodologies help frame the deal, more than the money, investors also evaluate factors such as:
👥 The founding team – their skills, resilience, and ability to execute
💡 The problem being solved – is it significant, urgent, and scalable?
🚀 The proposed solution – how unique, innovative, and defensible is it?
📈 Market potential – is there room for exponential growth?
🛠️ Early validation signals – customer interviews, letters of intent, prototypes, or pilot interest.
Pre-seed investing is often described as “betting on the jockey, not just the horse.” Angels know that the business will pivot, but the right team can adapt, learn, and grow. At this stage, valuations are more art than science, but structured approaches ensure fairness for both founders and investors.
At CYBAN, we guide investors and founders through these methods to align expectations and build trust from day one.
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