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前言
上篇文章 《Oracle RAC 触发 BUG，crsd 无限重启！》 中提到通过安装补丁 Patch 34762026 解决集群故障，但由于篇幅限制未详细展开补丁安装过程。
不少读者留言咨询具体操作细节，恰巧我在实际安装过程中也踩了不少“坑”：从环境预检的隐藏雷区到 OPatch 的版本陷阱，补丁依赖的连环套问题。
本文将结合实战经验，手把手拆解补丁安装全流程，顺便给大家避避坑（点个关注不迷路~），希望大家后续遇到同样问题可以顺利解决！
下载补丁
下载 BUG 所需补丁 Patch 24396050: LNX64-12.2-CRS: CRSD.BIN FAILED SEVERAL TIMES WITH ERROR CRS-1019
本文所需补丁我已经整理上传百度网盘，如有需要可关注公众号：DBA学习之路，公众号聊天框发送 24396050 获取对应补丁。
安装过程
安装补丁第一步都建议大家查看补丁自带的 README 文件，其中会详细的告知你补丁安装的步骤以及前置准备等信息。
检查 OPatch
通过查看补丁 README：You must use the OPatch utility version 12.2.0.1.5 or later to apply this patch. ，要求 OPatch 版本要大于 12.2.0.1.5，这里一上来我就踩了个坑。
检查当前 OPatch 补丁是否符合要求：
[grid@lucifer01 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/
[grid@lucifer01 OPatch]$ ./opatch version
OPatch Version: 12.2.0.1.6
OPatch succeeded.
一看这里符合要求，我就没管了，然后我就踩坑了。
坑一
如果不更新 OPatch，直接应用补丁，报错内容如下：
Opatchauto in 12.2 requires the creation of a wallet file with password for owner of grid software on all nodes.
Failure of specifying wallet would result into the below errors :
OPATCHAUTO-68021: Missing required argument(s).
OPATCHAUTO-68021: The following argument(s) are required: [-wallet]
OPATCHAUTO-68021: Provide the required argument(s).
只有更新 OPatch 到 12.2.0.1.8 之后才不会需要 -wallet 选项，否则强制需要，可参考 MOS 文档：
Creation of opatchauto wallet in 12.2 in 12.2.0.1.8 (Doc ID 2270185.1)
经验一：不管 README 要求最低版本是多少，都建议将 OPatch 都升级到最新版本。
更新 OPatch
下载最新的 OPatch 包并更新，所有节点均需执行：
## 需要使用 root 用户先授予补丁包 grid 用户权限
[root@lucifer01:/root]# chown -R grid:oinstall /soft/
## grid 用户执行
[grid@lucifer02:/home/grid]$ unzip -qo /soft/p6880880_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip -d $ORACLE_HOME
[grid@lucifer02:/home/grid]$ unzip -qo /soft/p6880880_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip -d $ORACLE_HOME
更新后查看 opatch 版本：
[grid@lucifer01:/home/grid]$ opatch version
OPatch Version: 12.2.0.1.45
OPatch succeeded.
[grid@lucifer02:/home/grid]$ opatch version
OPatch Version: 12.2.0.1.45
OPatch succeeded.
确保 OPatch 已更新到最新版本，否则会遇到坑一。
解压 24396050 补丁包
下载后的补丁包上传到主机目录下，解压到指定目录：
## root 执行
[root@lucifer01:/root]# unzip -q /soft/p24396050_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip -d /soft/
[root@lucifer01:/root]# chown -R grid:oinstall /soft/
解压后建议授权为 grid 用户，避免后续操作权限问题。
安装前检查
grid 补丁建议使用 opatchauto 进行安装，然而 opatchauto 需要使用 root 用户执行，所以需要提前指定环境变量：
## root 执行
[root@lucifer01:/root]# export GI_HOME=/u01/app/12.2.0/grid
建议在正式安装前执行检查（所有节点都需执行），避免安装过程中出现问题，这一步又遇到两个坑，先坑为敬。
坑二
这个坑是因为在 /root 目录下执行 opatchauto 命令报错：
[root@lucifer01:/root]# $GI_HOME/OPatch/opatchauto apply /soft/24396050 -oh $GI_HOME -analyze
Invalid current directory. Please run opatchauto from other than '/root' and '/' directory.
And check if the home owner user has write permission set for the current directory.
opatchauto returns with error code = 2
建议在补丁目录下执行：
[root@lucifer01:/root]# cd /soft/24396050
[root@lucifer02:/soft/24396050]# $GI_HOME/OPatch/opatchauto apply /soft/24396050 -oh $GI_HOME -analyze
经验二：执行补丁安装时，建议在补丁解压所在目录执行。
坑三
因为数据库主机系统版本是 rhel8.10，而 Oracle 12CR2 刚发布时不支持 rhel8.10，所以打这个补丁需要设置 CV_ASSUME_DISTID=OEL7.8，否则会执行报错：
Shared home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid can only be patched in nonrolling mode.
OPATCHAUTO-72030: Execution mode invalid.
OPATCHAUTO-72030: Cannot execute in rolling mode, as CRS home is shared.
OPATCHAUTO-72030: Execute in non-rolling mode.
设置之后即可执行成功，具体可参考 MOS 文档：
Prepare for and Top Issues of RU Patching via “opatchauto apply” and “opatchauto resume” in Different User Environment (Doc ID 2840546.1)
- Issue #7 OPATCHAUTO-72030: Cannot execute in rolling mode, as CRS home is shared
解决完以上两个坑之后，顺利执行预检查过程：
## 节点一
[root@lucifer01:/soft/24396050]# export CV_ASSUME_DISTID=OEL7.8
[root@lucifer01:/soft/24396050]# $GI_HOME/OPatch/opatchauto apply /soft/24396050 -oh $GI_HOME -analyze
OPatchauto session is initiated at Tue Mar 25 14:32:12 2025
System initialization log file is /u01/app/12.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchautodb/systemconfig2025-03-25_02-32-14PM.log.
Session log file is /u01/app/12.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/opatchauto2025-03-25_02-32-21PM.log
The id for this session is PPD4
Executing OPatch prereq operations to verify patch applicability on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
Patch applicability verified successfully on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
Executing patch validation checks on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
Patch validation checks successfully completed on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
OPatchAuto successful.
--------------------------------Summary--------------------------------
Analysis for applying patches has completed successfully:
Host:lucifer01
CRS Home:/u01/app/12.2.0/grid
Version:12.2.0.1.0
==Following patches were SUCCESSFULLY analyzed to be applied:
Patch: /soft/24396050/24396050
Log: /u01/app/12.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2025-03-25_14-32-25PM_1.log
OPatchauto session completed at Tue Mar 25 14:32:28 2025
Time taken to complete the session 0 minute, 16 seconds
## 节点二
[root@lucifer02:/soft/24396050]# export CV_ASSUME_DISTID=OEL7.8
[root@lucifer02:/soft/24396050]# $GI_HOME/OPatch/opatchauto apply /soft/24396050 -oh $GI_HOME -analyze
OPatchauto session is initiated at Tue Mar 25 14:42:25 2025
System initialization log file is /u01/app/12.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchautodb/systemconfig2025-03-25_02-42-26PM.log.
Session log file is /u01/app/12.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/opatchauto2025-03-25_02-42-34PM.log
The id for this session is HPWC
Executing OPatch prereq operations to verify patch applicability on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
Patch applicability verified successfully on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
Executing patch validation checks on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
Patch validation checks successfully completed on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
OPatchAuto successful.
--------------------------------Summary--------------------------------
Analysis for applying patches has completed successfully:
Host:lucifer02
CRS Home:/u01/app/12.2.0/grid
Version:12.2.0.1.0
==Following patches were SUCCESSFULLY analyzed to be applied:
Patch: /soft/24396050/24396050
Log: /u01/app/12.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2025-03-25_14-42-39PM_1.log
OPatchauto session completed at Tue Mar 25 14:42:41 2025
Time taken to complete the session 0 minute, 17 seconds
检查没有问题，正式进行补丁安装。
安装补丁
安装补丁时需要 root 用户执行，所以需要提前指定环境变量：
## root 执行
[root@lucifer01:/root]# export GI_HOME=/u01/app/12.2.0/grid
然后执行安装补丁：
## 节点一
[root@lucifer01:/soft/24396050]# export CV_ASSUME_DISTID=OEL7.8
[root@lucifer01:/soft/24396050]# $GI_HOME/OPatch/opatchauto apply /soft/24396050 -oh $GI_HOME
OPatchauto session is initiated at Tue Mar 25 14:35:47 2025
System initialization log file is /u01/app/12.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchautodb/systemconfig2025-03-25_02-35-49PM.log.
Session log file is /u01/app/12.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/opatchauto2025-03-25_02-35-56PM.log
The id for this session is 1V5S
Executing OPatch prereq operations to verify patch applicability on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
Patch applicability verified successfully on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
Executing patch validation checks on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
Patch validation checks successfully completed on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
Performing prepatch operations on CRS - bringing down CRS service on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
Prepatch operation log file location: /u01/app/grid/crsdata/lucifer01/crsconfig/crspatch_lucifer01_2025-03-25_02-36-05PM.log
CRS service brought down successfully on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
Start applying binary patch on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
Binary patch applied successfully on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
Running rootadd_rdbms.sh on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
Successfully executed rootadd_rdbms.sh on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
Performing postpatch operations on CRS - starting CRS service on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
Postpatch operation log file location: /u01/app/grid/crsdata/lucifer01/crsconfig/crspatch_lucifer01_2025-03-25_02-38-35PM.log
CRS service started successfully on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
OPatchAuto successful.
--------------------------------Summary--------------------------------
Patching is completed successfully. Please find the summary as follows:
Host:lucifer01
CRS Home:/u01/app/12.2.0/grid
Version:12.2.0.1.0
Summary:
==Following patches were SUCCESSFULLY applied:
Patch: /soft/24396050/24396050
Log: /u01/app/12.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2025-03-25_14-38-02PM_1.log
OPatchauto session completed at Tue Mar 25 14:40:57 2025
Time taken to complete the session 5 minutes, 10 seconds
## 节点二
[root@lucifer02:/soft/24396050]# export CV_ASSUME_DISTID=OEL7.8
[root@lucifer02:/soft/24396050]# $GI_HOME/OPatch/opatchauto apply /soft/24396050 -oh $GI_HOME
OPatchauto session is initiated at Tue Mar 25 14:43:47 2025
System initialization log file is /u01/app/12.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchautodb/systemconfig2025-03-25_02-43-49PM.log.
Session log file is /u01/app/12.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/opatchauto2025-03-25_02-43-56PM.log
The id for this session is PWUR
Executing OPatch prereq operations to verify patch applicability on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
Patch applicability verified successfully on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
Executing patch validation checks on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
Patch validation checks successfully completed on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
Performing prepatch operations on CRS - bringing down CRS service on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
Prepatch operation log file location: /u01/app/grid/crsdata/lucifer02/crsconfig/crspatch_lucifer02_2025-03-25_02-44-04PM.log
CRS service brought down successfully on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
Start applying binary patch on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
Binary patch applied successfully on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
Running rootadd_rdbms.sh on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
Successfully executed rootadd_rdbms.sh on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
Performing postpatch operations on CRS - starting CRS service on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
Postpatch operation log file location: /u01/app/grid/crsdata/lucifer02/crsconfig/crspatch_lucifer02_2025-03-25_02-45-49PM.log
CRS service started successfully on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
OPatchAuto successful.
--------------------------------Summary--------------------------------
Patching is completed successfully. Please find the summary as follows:
Host:lucifer02
CRS Home:/u01/app/12.2.0/grid
Version:12.2.0.1.0
Summary:
==Following patches were SUCCESSFULLY applied:
Patch: /soft/24396050/24396050
Log: /u01/app/12.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2025-03-25_14-45-18PM_1.log
OPatchauto session completed at Tue Mar 25 14:47:23 2025
Time taken to complete the session 3 minutes, 36 seconds
执行完成后查看补丁是否安装完成：
[grid@lucifer01:/home/grid]$ opatch lspatches
24396050;OCW Interim patch for 24396050
OPatch succeeded.
[grid@lucifer02:/home/grid]$ opatch lspatches
24396050;OCW Interim patch for 24396050
OPatch succeeded.
安装补丁后重启系统验证集群恢复正常。
写在最后
避坑重点：90% 的安装失败源于准备工作不充分！你在打补丁时还遇到过哪些“神坑”？欢迎评论区分享！
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