# documentación de Django - 3.2.11.dev

# Custom template backend

## Custom backends

Here’s how to implement a custom template backend in order to use another template system. A template backend is a class that inherits `django.template.backends.base.BaseEngine`. It must implement `get_template()` and optionally `from_string()`. Here’s an example for a fictional `foobar` template library:

    from django.template import TemplateDoesNotExist, TemplateSyntaxError
    from django.template.backends.base import BaseEngine
    from django.template.backends.utils import csrf_input_lazy, csrf_token_lazy

    import foobar

    class FooBar(BaseEngine):

        # Name of the subdirectory containing the templates for this engine
        # inside an installed application.
        app_dirname = 'foobar'

        def __init__(self, params):
            params = params.copy()
            options = params.pop('OPTIONS').copy()
            super().__init__(params)

            self.engine = foobar.Engine(**options)

        def from_string(self, template_code):
            try:
                return Template(self.engine.from_string(template_code))
            except foobar.TemplateCompilationFailed as exc:
                raise TemplateSyntaxError(exc.args)

        def get_template(self, template_name):
            try:
                return Template(self.engine.get_template(template_name))
            except foobar.TemplateNotFound as exc:
                raise TemplateDoesNotExist(exc.args, backend=self)
            except foobar.TemplateCompilationFailed as exc:
                raise TemplateSyntaxError(exc.args)

    class Template:

        def __init__(self, template):
            self.template = template

        def render(self, context=None, request=None):
            if context is None:
                context = {}
            if request is not None:
                context['request'] = request
                context['csrf_input'] = csrf_input_lazy(request)
                context['csrf_token'] = csrf_token_lazy(request)
            return self.template.render(context)

See DEP 182 for more information.

## Debug integration for custom engines

The Django debug page has hooks to provide detailed information when a template error arises. Custom template engines can use these hooks to enhance the traceback information that appears to users. The following hooks are available:

### Template postmortem

The postmortem appears when `TemplateDoesNotExist` is raised. It lists the template engines and loaders that were used when trying to find a given template. For example, if two Django engines are configured, the postmortem will appear like:

Custom engines can populate the postmortem by passing the `backend` and `tried` arguments when raising `TemplateDoesNotExist`. Backends that use the postmortem should specify an origin on the template object.

### Contextual line information

If an error happens during template parsing or rendering, Django can display the line the error happened on. For example:

Custom engines can populate this information by setting a `template_debug` attribute on exceptions raised during parsing and rendering. This attribute is a `dict` with the following values:

- `'name'`: The name of the template in which the exception occurred.
- `'message'`: The exception message.
- `'source_lines'`: The lines before, after, and including the line the exception occurred on. This is for context, so it shouldn’t contain more than 20 lines or so.
- `'line'`: The line number on which the exception occurred.
- `'before'`: The content on the error line before the token that raised the error.
- `'during'`: The token that raised the error.
- `'after'`: The content on the error line after the token that raised the error.
- `'total'`: The number of lines in `source_lines`.
- `'top'`: The line number where `source_lines` starts.
- `'bottom'`: The line number where `source_lines` ends.

Given the above template error, `template_debug` would look like:

    {
        'name': '/path/to/template.html',
        'message': "Invalid block tag: 'syntax'",
        'source_lines': [
            (1, 'some\n'),
            (2, 'lines\n'),
            (3, 'before\n'),
            (4, 'Hello {% syntax error %} {{ world }}\n'),
            (5, 'some\n'),
            (6, 'lines\n'),
            (7, 'after\n'),
            (8, ''),
        ],
        'line': 4,
        'before': 'Hello ',
        'during': '{% syntax error %}',
        'after': ' {{ world }}\n',
        'total': 9,
        'bottom': 9,
        'top': 1,
    }

### Origin API and 3rd-party integration

Django templates have an `Origin` object available through the `template.origin` attribute. This enables debug information to be displayed in the template postmortem, as well as in 3rd-party libraries, like the Django Debug Toolbar.

Custom engines can provide their own `template.origin` information by creating an object that specifies the following attributes:

- `'name'`: The full path to the template.
- `'template_name'`: The relative path to the template as passed into the template loading methods.
- `'loader_name'`: An optional string identifying the function or class used to load the template, e.g. `django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader`.