Java网络 - BIO阻塞式网络编程

Java网络 - BIO阻塞式网络编程

BIO - Block Input Output

随着技术的发展，两个或以上的程序必然需要进行交互，于是BIO提供了一种端到端的通信，相当于对传输层的一种封装，对于开发人员而言，隐藏了传输的细节，将这些固定的“套路”抽象出来，提供一种端到端的通信，可以使我们更加专注于业务的开发，并且这种通讯是阻塞式的。

阻塞式：服务端启动，等待客户端的连接，在客户端连接到服务端后，服务端启动一个线程去监听客户端消息，客户端发送消息，并等待服务端返回（客户端一直阻塞），服务端收到消息，将消息返回给客户端，此时一次交互完成。若还需交互，则不释放连接，客户端再次将消息发送给服务端，并等待返回，若不需要交互，则客户端释放连接。

C/S架构使用BIO示例

public class BIOServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8080);
        System.out.println("服务器启动成功");
        while (!serverSocket.isClosed()) {
            Socket request = serverSocket.accept();// 阻塞
            System.out.println("收到新连接 : " + request.toString());
            try {
                // 接收数据、打印
                InputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream(); // net + i/o
                BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8"));
                String msg;
                while ((msg = reader.readLine()) != null) { // 没有数据，阻塞
                    if (msg.length() == 0) {
                        break;
                    }
                    System.out.println(msg);
                }
                System.out.println("收到数据,来自："+ request.toString());
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                try {
                    request.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

客户端连接服务端

public class BIOClient {
    private static Charset charset = Charset.forName("UTF-8");

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Socket s = new Socket("localhost", 8080);
        OutputStream out = s.getOutputStream();

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入：");
        String msg = scanner.nextLine();
        out.write(msg.getBytes(charset)); // 阻塞，写完成
        scanner.close();
        s.close();
    }
}

存在个问题，一个客户端连接没有问题，但是多个客户端连接服务端就出现问题了。原因：多台客户端的情况，首个客户端A连接上服务端时，服务端将阻塞等待A输入数据，等待读完成后，后面的客户端才能连接上服务端。那么对服务端进行改造，一个线程处理一个连接。

public class BIOServer1 {
    private static ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8080);
        System.out.println("tomcat 服务器启动成功");
        while (!serverSocket.isClosed()) {
            Socket request = serverSocket.accept();
            System.out.println("收到新连接 : " + request.toString());
            threadPool.execute(() -> {
                try {
                    // 接收数据、打印
                    InputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream();
                    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8"));
                    String msg;
                    while ((msg = reader.readLine()) != null) { // 阻塞
                        if (msg.length() == 0) {
                            break;
                        }
                        System.out.println(msg);
                    }
                    System.out.println("收到数据,来自："+ request.toString());
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
                    try {
                        request.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            });
        }
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

现在可以处理多个客户端的连接了，但是通过浏览器发送HTTP请求 127.0.0.1:8080 无法连接和响应，先了解一下HTTP协议。

HTTP协议 - 请求数据包解析

HTTP协议 - 响应数据包解析

HTTP协议 - 响应状态码

服务端针对HTTP请求，再次改造。

public class BIOServer2 {
    private static ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8080);
        System.out.println("服务器启动成功");
        while (!serverSocket.isClosed()) {
            Socket request = serverSocket.accept();
            System.out.println("收到新连接 : " + request.toString());
            threadPool.execute(() -> {
                try {
                    // 接收数据、打印
                    InputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream();
                    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8"));
                    String msg;
                    while ((msg = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                        if (msg.length() == 0) {
                            break;
                        }
                        System.out.println(msg);
                    }

                    System.out.println("收到数据,来自："+ request.toString());
                    // 响应结果 200
                    OutputStream outputStream = request.getOutputStream();
                    outputStream.write("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n".getBytes());
                    outputStream.write("Content-Length: 11\r\n\r\n".getBytes());
                    outputStream.write("Hello World".getBytes());
                    outputStream.flush();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
                    try {
                        request.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            });
        }
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}