=encoding euc-jp =head1 NAME =begin original perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions =end original perlclib - ɸ�� C �饤�֥��ؿ�������Ū�������� =head1 DESCRIPTION =begin original One thing Perl porters should note is that F doesn't tend to use that much of the C standard library internally; you'll see very little use of, for example, the F functions in there. This is because Perl tends to reimplement or abstract standard library functions, so that we know exactly how they're going to operate. =end original Perl porters �����դ���٤����ΤҤȤĤϡ�F �������� C ɸ��饤�֥��� ���ޤ�Ȥ�ʤ��褦�ˤ��Ƥ���ȸ������ȤǤ�; �㤨�С�F �ؿ��� �ۤȤ�ɻȤ��Ƥ��ʤ����Ȥ˵��դ��Ǥ��礦�� ����ϡ��ɤΤ褦�����򤷤褦�Ȥ��Ƥ��뤫�����Τ��Τ뤿��ˡ�Perl �� ɸ��饤�֥��ؿ���Ƽ�����������ݲ������ꤷ�褦�Ȥ��뤫��Ǥ��� =begin original This is a reference card for people who are familiar with the C library and who want to do things the Perl way; to tell them which functions they ought to use instead of the more normal C functions. =end original ����� C �饤�֥��˴���Ƥ��� Perl �����Dz����򤷤����͡��Τ���� ��ե���󥹥����ɤǤ�; ������̤� C �ؿ�������˻Ȥ��٤��ؿ��򼨤��ޤ��� =head2 Conventions (����) =begin original In the following tables: =end original �ʲ���ɽ��: =over 3 =item C =begin original is a type. =end original �Ϸ��Ǥ��� =item C

=begin original is a pointer. =end original �ϥݥ��󥿤Ǥ��� =item C =begin original is a number. =end original �Ͽ��ͤǤ��� =item C =begin original is a string. =end original ��ʸ����Ǥ��� =back =begin original C, C, C, etc. represent variables of their respective types. =end original C, C, C �ʤɤϤ��줾���б����뷿���ѿ��Ǥ��� =head2 File Operations (�ե��������) =begin original Instead of the F functions, you should use the Perl abstraction layer. Instead of C types, you need to be handling C types. Don't forget that with the new PerlIO layered I/O abstraction C types may not even be available. See also the C documentation for more information about the following functions: =end original F �ؿ�������ˡ�Perl ����ؤ�Ȥ��٤��Ǥ��� C ��������ˡ�C ���򰷤�ɬ�פ�����ޤ��� ������ PerlIO �ؤ� I/O ��ݲ��Ǥ� C �������ѤǤ��ʤ������Τ�ʤ����Ȥ� ˺��ʤ��Ǥ��������� �ʲ��δؿ��˴ؤ��뤵��ʤ�ܺ٤ˤĤ��Ƥ� C ʸ��� ���Ȥ��Ƥ�������: Instead Of: Use: stdin PerlIO_stdin() stdout PerlIO_stdout() stderr PerlIO_stderr() fopen(fn, mode) PerlIO_open(fn, mode) freopen(fn, mode, stream) PerlIO_reopen(fn, mode, perlio) (Dep- recated) fflush(stream) PerlIO_flush(perlio) fclose(stream) PerlIO_close(perlio) =head2 File Input and Output (�ե��������ϤȽ���) Instead Of: Use: fprintf(stream, fmt, ...) PerlIO_printf(perlio, fmt, ...) [f]getc(stream) PerlIO_getc(perlio) [f]putc(stream, n) PerlIO_putc(perlio, n) ungetc(n, stream) PerlIO_ungetc(perlio, n) =begin original Note that the PerlIO equivalents of C and C are slightly different from their C library counterparts: =end original C �� C �� PerlIO �������ʤ� C �饤�֥����б�ʪ�Ȥ� �����㤦���Ȥ����դ��Ƥ�������: fread(p, size, n, stream) PerlIO_read(perlio, buf, numbytes) fwrite(p, size, n, stream) PerlIO_write(perlio, buf, numbytes) fputs(s, stream) PerlIO_puts(perlio, s) =begin original There is no equivalent to C; one should use C instead: =end original C ������ʪ�Ϥ���ޤ���; ����� C ��Ȥ��٤��Ǥ�: fgets(s, n, stream) sv_gets(sv, perlio, append) =head2 File Positioning (�ե��������) Instead Of: Use: feof(stream) PerlIO_eof(perlio) fseek(stream, n, whence) PerlIO_seek(perlio, n, whence) rewind(stream) PerlIO_rewind(perlio) fgetpos(stream, p) PerlIO_getpos(perlio, sv) fsetpos(stream, p) PerlIO_setpos(perlio, sv) ferror(stream) PerlIO_error(perlio) clearerr(stream) PerlIO_clearerr(perlio) =head2 Memory Management and String Handling (���������ʸ�������) Instead Of: Use: t* p = malloc(n) Newx(p, n, t) t* p = calloc(n, s) Newxz(p, n, t) p = realloc(p, n) Renew(p, n, t) memcpy(dst, src, n) Copy(src, dst, n, t) memmove(dst, src, n) Move(src, dst, n, t) memcpy(dst, src, sizeof(t)) StructCopy(src, dst, t) memset(dst, 0, n * sizeof(t)) Zero(dst, n, t) memzero(dst, 0) Zero(dst, n, char) free(p) Safefree(p) strdup(p) savepv(p) strndup(p, n) savepvn(p, n) (Hey, strndup doesn't exist!) strstr(big, little) instr(big, little) strcmp(s1, s2) strLE(s1, s2) / strEQ(s1, s2) / strGT(s1,s2) strncmp(s1, s2, n) strnNE(s1, s2, n) / strnEQ(s1, s2, n) memcmp(p1, p2, n) memNE(p1, p2, n) !memcmp(p1, p2, n) memEQ(p1, p2, n) =begin original Notice the different order of arguments to C and C than used in C and C. =end original C ����� C �ΰ����ν��֤� C ����� C �Ȱۤʤ� ���Ȥ����դ��Ƥ��������� =begin original Most of the time, though, you'll want to be dealing with SVs internally instead of raw C strings: =end original ������������ξ�硢���� C ʸ����ǤϤʤ�����Ū�� SV �� ���������Ǥ��礦: strlen(s) sv_len(sv) strcpy(dt, src) sv_setpv(sv, s) strncpy(dt, src, n) sv_setpvn(sv, s, n) strcat(dt, src) sv_catpv(sv, s) strncat(dt, src) sv_catpvn(sv, s) sprintf(s, fmt, ...) sv_setpvf(sv, fmt, ...) =begin original Note also the existence of C and C, combining concatenation with formatting. =end original Ϣ��ȥե����ޥåƥ��󥰤��礷�� C ����� C �� ���뤳�Ȥˤ����դ��Ƥ��������� =begin original Sometimes instead of zeroing the allocated heap by using Newxz() you should consider "poisoning" the data. This means writing a bit pattern into it that should be illegal as pointers (and floating point numbers), and also hopefully surprising enough as integers, so that any code attempting to use the data without forethought will break sooner rather than later. Poisoning can be done using the Poison() macros, which have similar arguments to Zero(): =end original ������Newxz() ��ȤäƳ�����Ƥ�줿�ҡ��פ򥼥��ˤ�������˥ǡ����� ��������פ��������⤷��ޤ��� ����ϡ��ݥ���(�������ư��������)�Ȥ��������ˤʤꡢ�Ǥ���������Ȥ��Ƥ� ��ʬ�˶ä��٤��ӥåȥѥ������񤭹���ǡ��ͤ��ʤ��˥ǡ�����Ȥ����Ȥ��� �����ɤ����˲����褦�ˤ��뤳�ȤǤ��� ������� Zero() �Ȼ����褦�ʰ�������� Poison() �ޥ����ǹԤ��ޤ�: PoisonWith(dst, n, t, b) scribble memory with byte b PoisonNew(dst, n, t) equal to PoisonWith(dst, n, t, 0xAB) PoisonFree(dst, n, t) equal to PoisonWith(dst, n, t, 0xEF) Poison(dst, n, t) equal to PoisonFree(dst, n, t) =head2 Character Class Tests (ʸ�����饹�ƥ���) =begin original There are several types of character class tests that Perl implements. The only ones described here are those that directly correspond to C library functions that operate on 8-bit characters, but there are equivalents that operate on wide characters, and UTF-8 encoded strings. All are more fully described in L and L. =end original Perl ���������Ƥ��뤤���Ĥ������ʸ�����饹�ƥ��Ȥ�����ޤ��� �����ǵ��Ҥ��Ƥ���Τ� 8 �ӥå�ʸ�������� C �饤�֥饤�֥���ľ�� �б����Ƥ����ΤΤߤǤ������磻��ʸ����UTF-8 ���󥳡���ʸ�������� ����ʪ�⤢��ޤ��� ���Ƥ� L �� L �Ǥ�괰���˵��Ҥ���Ƥ��ޤ��� =begin original The C library routines listed in the table below return values based on the current locale. Use the entries in the final column for that functionality. The other two columns always assume a POSIX (or C) locale. The entries in the ASCII column are only meaningful for ASCII inputs, returning FALSE for anything else. Use these only when you B that is what you want. The entries in the Latin1 column assume that the non-ASCII 8-bit characters are as Unicode defines, them, the same as ISO-8859-1, often called Latin 1. =end original ��Ҥ���ɽ�˵󤲤��Ƥ��� C �饤�֥��롼����ϸ��ߤΥ���������ˤ��� �ͤ��֤��ޤ��� ���ε�ǽ�Τ���ˤϺǸ����Υ���ȥ��ȤäƤ��������� �Ĥ����Ĥ���Ͼ�� POSIX (���뤤�� C) ����������ꤷ�ޤ��� ASCII ��Υ���ȥ�� ASCII ���ϤǤΤ߰�̣�����������ʳ��Ǥ� FALSE �� �֤��ޤ��� ���줬˾��Ǥ����ΤǤ���� B<ʬ���äƤ���> ���ˤΤߤ����ȤäƤ��������� Latin1 ��Υ���ȥ�ϡ��� ASCII 8 �ӥå�ʸ���� Unicode ��������Ƥ���褦�ˡ� ISO-8859-1 (���Ф��� Latin 1 �ȸƤФ�ޤ�) �Ǥ���Ȳ��ꤷ�ޤ��� =begin original Instead Of: Use for ASCII: Use for Latin1: Use for locale: =end original ��: ASCII ��: Latin1 ��: ����������: isalnum(c) isALPHANUMERIC(c) isALPHANUMERIC_L1(c) isALPHANUMERIC_LC(c) isalpha(c) isALPHA(c) isALPHA_L1(c) isALPHA_LC(u ) isascii(c) isASCII(c) isASCII_LC(c) isblank(c) isBLANK(c) isBLANK_L1(c) isBLANK_LC(c) iscntrl(c) isCNTRL(c) isCNTRL_L1(c) isCNTRL_LC(c) isdigit(c) isDIGIT(c) isDIGIT_L1(c) isDIGIT_LC(c) isgraph(c) isGRAPH(c) isGRAPH_L1(c) isGRAPH_LC(c) islower(c) isLOWER(c) isLOWER_L1(c) isLOWER_LC(c) isprint(c) isPRINT(c) isPRINT_L1(c) isPRINT_LC(c) ispunct(c) isPUNCT(c) isPUNCT_L1(c) isPUNCT_LC(c) isspace(c) isSPACE(c) isSPACE_L1(c) isSPACE_LC(c) isupper(c) isUPPER(c) isUPPER_L1(c) isUPPER_LC(c) isxdigit(c) isXDIGIT(c) isXDIGIT_L1(c) isXDIGIT_LC(c) tolower(c) toLOWER(c) toLOWER_L1(c) toLOWER_LC(c) toupper(c) toUPPER(c) toUPPER_LC(c) =begin original To emphasize that you are operating only on ASCII characters, you can append C<_A> to each of the macros in the ASCII column: C, C, and so on. =end original ǰ�򲡤��Ƥ����ȡ�ASCII ʸ���Τߤ�����ʤ顢ASCII ����Τ��줾��� �ޥ����� C<_A> ���ɲä�����Τ��Ȥ��ޤ�: C, C �ʤɤǤ��� =begin original (There is no entry in the Latin1 column for C even though there is an C, which is identical to C; the latter name is clearer. There is no entry in the Latin1 column for C because the result can be non-Latin1. You have to use C, as described in L.) =end original (C �������� C �Ȥ�����ΤϤ���ޤ�����C �� Latin1 ����Ϥ���ޤ���; ���Ԥ�̾�����������ΤǤ��� C �� Latin1 ����Ϥ���ޤ���; ��̤��� Latin1 �� �ʤ뤫�⤷��ʤ�����Ǥ��� L �˵��Ҥ���Ƥ��� C �� �Ȥ�ɬ�פ�����ޤ���) =head2 F functions (F �ؿ�) Instead Of: Use: atof(s) Atof(s) atoi(s) grok_atoUV(s, &uv, &e) atol(s) grok_atoUV(s, &uv, &e) strtod(s, &p) my_atof3(s, &nv, &p) is the closest we have strtol(s, &p, n) grok_atoUV(s, &uv, &e) strtoul(s, &p, n) grok_atoUV(s, &uv, &e) =begin original Typical use is to do range checks on C before casting: =end original ŵ��Ū�ʻ���ˡ�ϡ����㥹�Ȥ������� C ���ϰϥ����å��Ǥ�: int i; UV uv; char* end_ptr = input_end; if (grok_atoUV(input, &uv, &end_ptr) && uv <= INT_MAX) i = (int)uv; ... /* continue parsing from end_ptr */ } else { ... /* parse error: not a decimal integer in range 0 .. MAX_IV */ } =begin original Notice also the C, C, and C functions in F for converting strings representing numbers in the respective bases into Cs. Note that grok_atoUV() doesn't handle negative inputs, or leading whitespace (being purposefully strict). =end original ���줾��δ���ǿ��ͤ�ɽ�����Ƥ���ʸ����� C ���Ѵ����뤿��� F �ˤ��� C, C, C �ؿ��ˤ� ���ܤ��Ƥ��������� grok_atoUV() ��������Ϥ�����ζ���򰷤�ʤ����Ȥ����դ��Ƥ������� (�տ�Ū�˸�̩�ˤ��Ƥ��ޤ�)�� =begin original Note that strtol() and strtoul() may be disguised as Strtol(), Strtoul(), Atol(), Atoul(). Avoid those, too. =end original strtol() �� strtoul() �� Strtol(), Strtoul(), Atol(), Atoul() �ȸ������� �������Ƥ��뤫�⤷��ʤ����Ȥ����դ��Ƥ��������� �������򤱤Ƥ��������� =begin original In theory C and C may not be defined if the machine perl is built on doesn't actually have strtol and strtoul. But as those 2 functions are part of the 1989 ANSI C spec we suspect you'll find them everywhere by now. =end original ����Ū�ˤϡ�perl ���ӥ�ɤ��줿�ޥ���˼ºݤ� strtol �� strtoul ���ʤ� ��硢C �� C ���������ʤ����⤷��ޤ��� ������������ 2 �ؿ��� 1989 ANSI C ���Ѥΰ����ʤΤǡ����ΤȤ����ɤ��Ǥ� �����򸫤Ĥ�����Ȼפ��ޤ��� int rand() double Drand01() srand(n) { seedDrand01((Rand_seed_t)n); PL_srand_called = TRUE; } exit(n) my_exit(n) system(s) Don't. Look at pp_system or use my_popen. getenv(s) PerlEnv_getenv(s) setenv(s, val) my_setenv(s, val) =head2 Miscellaneous functions (���ޤ��ޤʴؿ�) =begin original You should not even B to use F functions, but if you think you do, use the C stack in F instead. =end original F �ؿ���Ȥ����� B<�פ�> ���Ȥ��餹��٤��ǤϤ���ޤ��󤬡��⤷ �����ͤ��Ƥ���ʤ顢����� F �� C �����å��� �ȤäƤ��������� =begin original For C/C, use C. =end original C/C �ˤĤ��Ƥϡ�C �� �ȤäƤ��������� =head1 SEE ALSO L, L, L =begin meta Translate: SHIRAKATA Kentaro Status: completed =end meta