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Pope Francis

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His Holiness Pope

Francis
Bishop of Rome
Pope Francis in 2013
DioceseRome
SeeHoly See
Papacy beganMarch 13, 2013
Papacy endedApril 21, 2025
PredecessorBenedict XVI
SuccessorSede Vacante
Previous post(s)Provincial superior of the Society of Jesus in Argentina (1973–1979)
Auxiliary Bishop of Buenos Aires (1992–1997)
Titular Bishop of Auca (1992–1997)
Archbishop of Buenos Aires (1998–2013)
Cardinal Priest of San Roberto Bellarmino (2001–2013)
Ordinary of the Ordinariate for the Faithful of the Eastern Rites in Argentina (1998–2013)
President of the Argentine Episcopal Conference (2005–2011)
Orders
OrdinationDecember 13, 1969
by Ramón José Castellano
ConsecrationJune 27, 1992
by Antonio Quarracino
Created cardinalFebruary 21, 2001
by John Paul II
Personal details
Born
Jorge Mario Bergoglio

(1936-12-17)17 December 1936
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Died21 April 2025(2025-04-21) (aged 88)
Casa Santa Marta, Vatican City
NationalityArgentine (with Vatican citizenship)
DenominationCatholicism
ResidenceDomus Sanctae Marthae
ParentsMario José Bergoglio and Regina María Sívori
MottoMiserando atque eligendo[a]
SignatureFrancis's signature
Coat of armsFrancis's coat of arms
Papal styles of
Pope Francis
Reference styleHis Holiness
Spoken styleYour Holiness
Religious styleHoly Father

Pope Francis (born Jorge Mario Bergoglio;[2] December 17, 1936 – April 21, 2025)[3][4] was the 266th[5][6] pope of the Roman Catholic Church. He was elected on March 13, 2013. He chose the name Francis to honor St. Francis of Assisi.[7][8][9]

Overview

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Francis was the first Jesuit pope.[8][9] He was also the first pope in more than a millennium who is not European.[10] He was the first pope ever to come from the Americas, and the first from the Southern Hemisphere.[11]

From 1998 until he was elected as the pope, Francis was the Archbishop of Buenos Aires. Throughout his life, both as an individual and a religious leader, he had been known for his humility, his concern for the poor, and his commitment to dialogue as a way to build bridges between people of all backgrounds, beliefs, and faiths.[12][13][14] He expressed concern about the effects of global warming.[15][16] In his 2015 encyclical Laudato si' , he wrote about these issues, and others.

Since his election to the papacy, he had shown a simpler and less formal approach to the office, choosing to live in the Vatican guesthouse and not the papal residence.

Early life

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Pope Francis was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He was one of the children of Mario Bergoglio, an Italian railway accountant, and Regina Maria Bergoglio (née Sívori), a housewife.[6][17]

He received a master's degree in philosophy and theology from the University of Buenos Aires.[18] After that, he studied at the seminary in Villa Devoto.[19] He entered the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) on March 11, 1958.

Career before becoming Pope

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Jesuit

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Pope Francis became a member of the Society of Jesus in 1958. He was made a priest in 1969. In 1973, he was named "provincial" or head of the Jesuits in Argentina.[20] In the mid-1980s, he began working on a doctoral degree at Sankt Georgen Graduate School of Philosophy and Theology in Frankfurt, Germany.[21]

Bishop

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Pope John Paul II appointed Bergoglio the Archbishop of Buenos Aires in 1998. During the 2001 Consistory, Pope named Bergoglio as a Cardinal.

Meeting of Al-Sistani with Pope Francis

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Pope Francis and Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani met on March 6, 2021 for at most 40 minutes, part of the time alone except for interpreters, in the Shiite cleric's modest home in the city of Najaf. Every detail was scrutinized ahead of time in painstaking, behind-the-scenes preparations that touched on everything from shoes to seating arrangements.[22] Pope Francis said in a statement that there should be "unity" between followers of different religions.[23]

Pope

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Cardinal Bergoglio was elected on 13 March 2013. He chose the name "Francis" to honor St. Francis of Assisi.[8] Just after he was elected, Francis told a newspaper how he chose the new name:[24]

"Let me tell you a story," he said. He then [explained] how during the conclave he had sat next to Cardinal Cláudio Hummes of Brazil, whom he called "a great friend." After the voting, Cardinal Hummes "hugged me, he kissed me and he said, 'Don't forget the poor!' And that word entered here," the pope said, pointing to his heart. "I thought of wars, while the voting continued, though all the votes," he said ... "And Francis is the man of peace. And that way the name came about, came into my heart: Francis of Assisi."

Despite both his parents being Italians, Francis was the first non-European pope since Pope Gregory III[25] in the 8th century.

Pope Francis was the first pope to speak to a session of the United States Congress. He spoke there during his visit to the United States on 24 September 2015.[26]

Other interests

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Pope Francis liked to read books by authors such as Friedrich Hölderlin, Jorge Luis Borges or Fyodor Dostoevsky. He liked to watch movies of Italian neorealism, and enjoyed going to the opera.[27][28]

He was also interested in football. He was an active supporter of San Lorenzo de Almagro, a soccer team that plays in the Primera División league of Argentina.[29]

In 2015, Pope Francis released a progressive rock album titled Wake Up!.[30] In January 2025, Pope Francis published a memoir, Hope, becoming the first pope to ever do so.[31]

Teachings

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Celibacy of priests

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When Pope Francis was a Cardinal, his views about the celibacy of priests were recorded in the book On Heaven and Earth. The book is a record of conversations he had with a Buenos Aires rabbi.[32] In this book, he said that celibacy "is a matter of discipline, not of faith. It can change." However, he added: "For the moment, I am in favor of maintaining celibacy, with all its [positive and negative parts], because we have ten centuries of good experiences rather than failures [...] Tradition has weight and validity."[33]

He also said that "in the Byzantine, Ukrainian, Russian, and Greek Catholic Churches [...] the priests can be married, but the bishops have to be celibate".[33][b] He said that many of those in Western Catholicism who are pushing for more discussion about the issue do so from a position of "pragmatism", based on a loss of manpower.[33] He states that "If, hypothetically, Western Catholicism were to review the issue of celibacy, I think it would do so for cultural reasons (as in the East), not so much as a universal option."[33] He emphasized that, in the meantime, the rule must be strictly followed, and any priest who cannot obey it "has to leave the ministry."[33]

National Catholic Reporter Vatican analyst Thomas Reese, also a Jesuit, called Bergoglio's use of "conditional language" regarding the rule of celibacy "remarkable."[32] He said that phrases like "for the moment" and "for now" are "not the kind of qualifications one normally hears when bishops and cardinals discuss celibacy."[32]

Beliefs about homosexuality

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Pope Francis supports the Catholic teaching that homosexual acts are immoral. However, he said that gay people should be treated with respect.[34][35] Bergoglio opposed same-sex marriage. In 2011, he called it "the Devil's work".[36]

Argentina considered legalizing same-sex marriage in 2010. Bergoglio objected.[37] He called it a "real and dire anthropological throwback."[38] In July 2010, while the law was under consideration, he wrote a letter to Argentina's cloistered nuns in which he said:[39][40][41]

In the coming weeks, the Argentine people will face a situation whose outcome can seriously harm the family…At stake is the identity and survival of the family: father, mother and children. At stake are the lives of many children who will be discriminated against in advance, and deprived of their human development given by a father and a mother and willed by God. At stake is the total rejection of God's law engraved in our hearts.

Let's not be naive: This is not a simple political fight; it is a destructive proposal to God's plan. This is not a mere legislative proposal (that's just its form), but a move by the father of lies that seeks to confuse and deceive the children of God… Let's look to St. Joseph, Mary, and the Child to ask fervently that they defend the Argentine family in this moment... May they support, defend, and accompany us in this war of God.

After L'Osservatore Romano reported this, several priests expressed their support for the law.[40][c] Gay people believe that the church's opposition and Bergoglio's language actually helped the law get passed. They also think that Catholic officials reacted by taking a less harsh tone in later debates on social issues such as parental surrogacy.[43][44]

On July 29, 2013, Pope Francis gave an interview to some journalists who were traveling with him. When asked if there should be gay priests,[45] Pope Francis replied:

If someone is gay and he searches for the Lord and has good will, who am I to judge?

In 2023, Francis wrote a text called Fiducia Supplicans. In this text, he states that Catholic priests can bless couples, who have not been married according to the teaching of the Catholic Church. This includes same-sex marriages.[46][47]

Role of women

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Francis was opposed to the idea that women should be able to become priests.[48] In the same interview by L'Osservatore Romano of 2013, Francis was asked if women should become priests,[45] He replied:

The Church has spoken and says no ... that door is closed.

Early in his papacy, he started a dialogue, to expore if women should be able to become deaconesses. In 2016, he created the a Study Commission on the Women's Diaconate to research the role of female deacons in early Christianity.[49] Its report was not made public.[50] In 2019, Francis said that the commission was unable to come to a consensus.[51] In April 2020, Francis started a new commission, led by Cardinal Giuseppe Petrocchi with a new membership, to study the issue.[52] Francis delayed a decision on the issue for several years.[48] In interviews in late 2023 and 2024, he appeared to reject the idea of women deacons, saying that "holy orders is reserved for men."[53][50] Francis said that "the fact that the woman does not access ministerial life is not a deprivation, because her place is much more important"[53] and that women had a charism separate from "the ministerial way."[50]

In January 2021, Francis issued Spiritus Domini, which allowed bishops to institute women to the ministries of acolyte and lector. These functions had been reserved to men beforehand. In many parts of the world,, Catholic women already had these functions. In contrast to men, women were not ordained. Francis wrote that these ministries are fundamentally different from those reserved to ordained clergy.[54][55][56] The following month, Francis appointed women to several positions previously held only by men: a French member of the Xaviere Missionary Sisters, Nathalie Becquart, was appointed co-undersecretary of the Synod of Bishops, and Italian magistrate Catia Summaria became the first woman Promoter of Justice in the Vatican's Court of Appeals.[57]

In April 2023, Francis announced that 35 women would be allowed to vote at the Sixteenth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops ("just over 10%" of all voters),[58] marking the first time women are allowed to vote at any Catholic Synod of Bishops.[59]

Divorced people who married again

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Francis published Amoris Laetitia, in 2016. Amoris Laetitia is mostly about the role of the family and about marriage. It also adresses the problem, that the Catholic Church does not really accept a divorce. There is only an anullment of marriage. People whose marriage was not annulled, who marry again have a problem: they should be excommunicated, and excluded from all Church rituals. There was some disagreement, about the question, if Amoris Laetitia changed the practice, that these people should have access to the sacraments of the church.[60] Francis had written: "It is important that the divorced who have entered a new union should be made to feel part of the Church." He called for "a responsible personal and pastoral discernment of particular cases". He went on to say: "It is true that general rules set forth a good which can never be disregarded or neglected, but in their formulation they cannot provide absolutely for all particular situations."[61]

Amoris Laetitia had been implemented in different ways by bishops around the world.[62] In 2016, four cardinals asked Francis to clarify his position. Ths is known as dubia, and is in the form of a direct question, that can be answered with either yes or no. They wrote him a letter, containing five such questions. In November 2016, the cardinals made their letter public, as they had not received a response from Pope Francis. Their questions focus on "whether there are now circumstances under which divorced and remarried persons can receive communion, whether there are still 'absolute moral norms' that prohibit Catholics from taking certain acts, and how the pope understands Catholic teaching on the role of conscience in making moral decisions". [63]

Beliefs about non-Catholics

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Three days after being elected Pope, Pope Francis told thousands of news reporters:[24]

[Since] many of you do not belong to the Catholic Church, and others are not believers, I give this blessing from my heart, in silence, to each one of you, respecting the conscience of each one of you, but knowing that each one of you is a child of God. May God bless you.

It is very rare for a Pope to bless people who are not Catholics. By doing this, the Pope was showing that he accepted people who belonged to different religions.[24][64]

“ We must meet one another doing good. ‘But I don’t believe, Father, I am an atheist!’ But do good: we will meet one another there.
– Pope Francis, 22 May 2013 		”

In a speech on 20 March, Pope Francis said that some people do not follow any religion, but still search "for truth, goodness and beauty." He said these people are important allies in protecting human dignity; making peace; and caring for the Earth.[65][66] This meant the Pope was saying that atheists could be allies of the Catholic Church, instead of enemies.

In the same speech, the Pope said that Catholic and Jewish people are connected "by a most special spiritual bond." To Muslim leaders at the speech he said: "[To] Muslims, who worship God as one, living and merciful, and [call on] him in prayer ... I greatly appreciate your presence ... [In] it, I see a ... sign of a will to grow in mutual esteem and in cooperation for the common good of humanity."[66]

In September 2013, Francis wrote a letter that was published in La Repubblica newspaper. The letter said that atheists would be forgiven by God if they followed their consciences and did what they thought was right. The newspaper's editor, who is not a Catholic, wrote back with a list of questions. Francis wrote back:[67]

You ask me if the God of the Christians forgives those who don't believe and who don't seek the faith. I start by saying—and this is the [most important] thing—that God's mercy has no limits if you go to him with a sincere and [truly sorry] heart. The issue for those who do not believe in God is to obey their conscience. Sin, even for those who have no faith, exists when people disobey their conscience.

Recognition

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Francis was named the 2013 Time Person of the Year in December 2013.[68]

Death

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See the main article: Death and funeral of Pope Francis

Pope Francis died on April 21, 2025 at his residence, Casa Santa Marta in Vatican City from cardiac arrest after having a stroke.[69] He was 88 years old. His death was announced by Irish-born Cardinal Kevin Farrell, the camerlengo of the Catholic Church. He said, "At 7:35 this morning the Bishop of Rome, Francis, returned to the house of the Father. His whole life was dedicated to the service of the Lord and His Church.".[70][71][72]

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Other websites

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Franciscus.


Notes

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  1. ↑ Press reports have provided a variety of translations for the phrase. According to Vatican Radio: "Pope Francis has chosen the motto Miserando atque eligendo, meaning lowly but chosen; literally in Latin by having mercy, by choosing him. The motto is one Francis used as bishop. It is taken from the homilies of the Venerable Bede on Saint Matthew's Gospel relating to his vocation: 'Jesus saw the tax collector and by having mercy chose him as an apostle saying to him: Follow me.'"[1]
  2. ↑ Both in the Eastern Catholic Churches and in the Eastern Orthodox Churches, married men can be ordained to the priesthood, but priests cannot marry after having been ordained. See Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches, canon 795
  3. ↑ One priest was suspended after refusing his bishop's order to cease his advocacy.[42]

References

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  1. ↑ Scarisbrick, Veronica (18 March 2013). "Pope Francis: "Miserando atque eligendo"..." Vatican Radio. Archived from the original on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  2. ↑ Latin: Franciscus, Italian: Francesco, Spanish: Francisco.
  3. ↑ "Pope Francis has died, the Vatican says". Sky News. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
  4. ↑ "Pope Francis, first Latin American pontiff who ministered with a charming, humble style, dies at 88". AP News. 21 April 2025. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
  5. ↑ "Argentina's Bergoglio elected as new pope," Archived 2015-06-06 at the Wayback Machine Reuters, 13 March 2013; "List of Popes," Catholic Encyclopedia (2009); retrieved 13 March 2013.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Rice-Oxley, Mark (13 March 2013). "Pope Francis: the humble pontiff with practical approach to poverty". The Guardian (UK). Retrieved 13 March 2013.
  7. ↑ "Pope Francis explains decision to take St Francis of Assisi's name". The Guardian. 16 March 2013. Archived from the original on 17 March 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "Habemus Papam! Cardinal Bergolio Elected Pope - Fracis I". Vatican News Agency. Archived from the original on 16 March 2013. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "The Story of Saint Francis..." Vatican Radio.
  10. ↑ Cockerton, Paul. "It's Pope Francis I: First non-European elected to lead Catholic Church for 1,000 years," The Mirror (UK). 13 March 2013; retrieved 13 March 2012.
  11. ↑ "Cardinal Walter Kasper Says Pope Francis Will Bring New Life To Vatican II". Huffingtonpost.com. 13 April 2013. Retrieved 23 June 2013.
  12. ↑ Feiden, Douglas (13 March 2013). "Pope Francis, the new leader of the Catholic Church, praised by many for practicing what he preaches, his humble nature and his empathy for the poor". New York Daily News. Retrieved 4 June 2013.
  13. ↑ Vallely, Paul (14 March 2013). "Pope Francis profile: Jorge Mario Bergoglio, a humble man who moved out of a palace into an apartment, cooks his own meals and travels by bus". The Independent. Archived from the original on 26 September 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2013.
  14. ↑ Povoledo, Elisabetta (22 March 2013). "Pope Appeals for More Interreligious Dialogue". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
  15. ↑ "Pope to make moral case for action on climate change". New Scientist. 14 January 2015. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
  16. ↑ "Pope rallies bishops to press climate call before Paris meet". Washington Post. Associated Press. 19 October 2015. Archived from the original on 20 October 2015. Retrieved 24 October 2015. Pope Francis encourages bishops from around the world to sign an appeal to world leaders, 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris next month, for crucial climate change talks. In a major teaching document in June, the encyclical Laudato Si' (Latin: Praised be), Francis denounced what he called the "structurally perverse" fossil fuel-based world economy that exploits the poor and destroys the habitability of the Earth for humans.
  17. ↑ "Biography - Francis". w2.vatican.va.
  18. ↑ "Jesuit Argentine Cardinal Bergoglio elected pope, takes name Francis I". Society of Jesus in the United States. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
  19. ↑ "Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio: a profile". Catholic Herald. 13 March 2013. Archived from the original on 20 January 2019. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
  20. ↑ "New pope a soccer fan with common touch,"[permanent dead link] Business Times (Singapore). 15 March 2013; retrieved 15 February 2013.
  21. ↑ Hans, Barbara. "The Surprise Pope: Humble and Ascetic with a Murky Past," Spiegel (Germanhy). 13 March 2013; excerpt, "Sankt Georgen Graduate School of Philosophy and Theology, which is located in Frankfurt"; "Papst Franziskus" (Pope Francis), Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule Sankt Georgen Frankfurt am Main; retrieved 17 March 2013.
  22. ↑ Qasim Abdul Zahra; Samya Kullab (3 March 2021). "Intense preparations before pontiff meets Iraqi ayatollah". The Associated Press. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
  23. ↑ "Pope, Top Shiite Cleric Plead for "Peace" in Historic Iraq Encounter".
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Donadio, Rachel (16 March 2013). "With Blessing, Pope Shows an Openness to Other Faiths". New York Times. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  25. ↑ Goodstein, Laurie. "Pope Electors Are Sizing Up a Field of Peers," New York Times. 16 February 2013; retrieved 13 March 2013.
  26. ↑ Baker, Peter (24 September 2015). "Pope Francis Challenges Congress to Heal World's 'Open Wounds'". New York Times.com. Retrieved 24 September 2015.
  27. ↑ Farago, Jason (19 September 2013). "What does Pope Francis's taste in art, music and film say about him?". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
  28. ↑ Mobley, Mark (13 March 2013). "Breaking: Pope Francis Loves Opera". Deceptive Cadence from NPR Classical. National Public Radio.
  29. ↑ Weiss, Jessica. "He Roots for ‘the Saints,’ on the Soccer Field and Off," New York Times. 14 March 2013; excerpt, "He is No. 88,235 on the club’s member list"; retrieved 15 March 2013.
  30. ↑ Kreps, Daniel (25 September 2015). "Pope Francis to Release Pop-Rock Album 'Wake Up!'". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 10 December 2015. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  31. ↑ Richards, Bailey (26 October 2024). "Pope Francis Makes History with New Autobiography Hope, Originally Meant to Be Published After His Death". People.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 Gibson, David, "Book reveals new pope's views on celibacy, abuse, crisis", USA Today (from Religion News Service), 20 March 2013, Retrieved 21 March 2013
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 Connor, Tracy, "Pope Francis spoke of being 'dazzled' by girl, possible change of celibacy rule", worldnews.nbcnews.com, 21 March 2013, Retrieved 21 March 2013
  34. ↑ Catholic Online. "NEW POPE: Who is this man named Bergoglio? – Living Faith – Home & Family – Catholic Online". Catholic.org. Archived from the original on 17 March 2013. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
  35. ↑ "Catechism of the Catholic Church – The sixth commandment". Vatican.va. 29 October 1951. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
  36. ↑ "Para Bergoglio, la ley de matrimonio gay es 'una movida del Diablo' –". Infobae.com. 30 January 2011. Archived from the original on 16 March 2013. Retrieved 13 March 2013. una movida del Diablo
  37. ↑ "Clashing Pope Francis, Argentine president meet in Vatican". CBC News. 18 March 2013. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
  38. ↑ Padgett, Tim (18 July 2010). "The Vatican and Women: Casting the First Stone". Time. Archived from the original on 11 March 2013. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
  39. ↑ Pentin, Edward (8 July 2010). "Cardinal Bergoglio Hits Out at Same-Sex Marriage". National Catholic Register. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 Feder, J. Lester (13 March 2013). "Pope Francis Brings Lessons Of Argentina's Marriage Fight To Rome". Buzzfeed. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
  41. ↑ Erin McClam (13 March 2013). "Meet the new pope: Francis is humble leader who takes the bus to work". NBC News.
  42. ↑ (in Spanish) "El cura suspendido: A la Iglesia le preocupa más la cama de los argentinos que su mesa". Perfil. 13 July 2010. Archived from the original on 18 May 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  43. ↑ Abrevaya, Sebastian (27 August 2012). "Se abroquelan para defender privilegios". Pagina 12 (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 March 2013. medieval, oscurantista
  44. ↑ De Vedia, Mariano (16 July 2010). "La carta de Bergoglio, un error estratégico" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 18 October 2017. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 "Pope opens up on gay priests, says no to women". MSN.com. 29 July 2013. Archived from the original on 25 July 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2013.
  46. ↑ Flynn, JD (22 December 2023). "Is the 'false narrative' narrative a false narrative?". The Pillar. Archived from the original on 23 December 2023. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
  47. ↑ Liedl, Jonathan (18 December 2023). "Vatican Says Priests Can Bless Same-Sex Couples Without Condoning Their Lifestyles". Catholic News Agency. Archived from the original on 20 December 2023.
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 Horowitz, Jason; Povoledo, Elisabetta (2 October 2023). "What Is a Synod in the Catholic Church? And Why Does This One Matter?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  49. ↑ Daniel Burke and Holly Yan, Pope Francis creates commission to study history of female deacons Archived 24 August 2024 at the Wayback Machine, CNN (2 August 2016).
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 Colleen Dulle, Pope Francis says no to women deacons in '60 Minutes' interview Archived 24 August 2024 at the Wayback Machine, America (21 May 2024).
  51. ↑ Joshua J. McElwee, Francis: Women deacons commission gave split report on their role in early church Archived 31 July 2022 at the Wayback Machine, National Catholic Reporter (7 May 2019).
  52. ↑ Joshua J. McElwee, Francis creates new women deacons commission, naming entirely different membership Archived 24 August 2024 at the Wayback Machine, National Catholic Reporter (8 April 2022).
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 Brockhaus, Hannah (25 October 2023). "Pope Francis on women deacons: 'Holy orders is reserved for men'". Catholic News Agency. Rome. Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  54. ↑ Francesco. "Lettera Apostolica in forma di Motu proprio, sulla modifica del can. 230 § 1 del Codice di Diritto Canonico circa l'accesso delle persone di sesso femminile al ministero istituito del Lettorato e dell'Accolitato (10 gennaio 2021)". www.vatican.va. Archived from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  55. ↑ Mares, Courtney (11 January 2021). "Pope Francis admits women to ministries of lector and acolyte in new motu proprio". Catholic News Agency. Archived from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  56. ↑ "Pope Francis: Ministries of lector and acolyte to be open to women". Vatican News. 11 January 2021. Archived from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2021.
  57. ↑ "Pope Francis appoints more women to Vatican posts previously held only by men". NBC News. 7 February 2021. Archived from the original on 7 February 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2021.
  58. ↑ Povoledo, Elisabetta (26 April 2023). "Pope Will Allow Women to Vote at Meeting of Bishops". New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 April 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  59. ↑ Pullella, Philip (26 April 2023). "Pope allows women to vote at bishops meeting for first time". Reuters. Archived from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023 – via www.reuters.com.
  60. ↑ Oullet, Marc (21 November 2017), "Accompanying, Discerning, Integrating Weakness" Archived 5 January 2019 at the Wayback Machine, L'Osservatore Romano, retrieved 29 November 2017
  61. ↑ Carroll, James (8 April 2016). "The New Morality of Pope Francis". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  62. ↑ Keenan, James (1 March 2017). "Receiving 'Amoris Laetitia'". Theological Studies. 78 (1): 193–212. doi:10.1177/0040563916681995. ISSN 0040-5639. S2CID 171761624.
  63. ↑ "These four cardinals asked Pope Francis to clarify 'Amoris laetitia'". Catholic News Agency. 14 November 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
  64. ↑ Pope Francis (22 May 2013). "Papal Mass, 22 May 2013". Reproduced by Vatican Radio Online. The Holy See. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
  65. ↑ "Address of the Holy Father Pope Francis". Holy See. 20 March 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 Speciale, Alessandro (20 March 2013). "Pope Francis says atheists can be 'allies' for the church". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 21 June 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  67. ↑ Day, Michael (11 September 2013). "Pope Francis assures atheists: You don't have to believe in God to go to heaven". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
  68. ↑ "Pope Francis named Time Person of the Year 2013". CNN.com. 11 December 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
  69. ↑ "Pope's death due to stroke and irreversible cardiocirculatory collapse". Vatican News. Dicastery for Communication. 21 April 2025. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
  70. ↑ "Pope Francis Dies at 88 After Health Crisis". People. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
  71. ↑ Lamb, Christopher (21 April 2025). "Pope Francis, voice for the poor who transformed the Catholic Church, dies at 88". CNN. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
  72. ↑ "Pope Francis has died on Easter Monday aged 88 - Vatican News". www.vaticannews.va. 21 April 2025. Retrieved 21 April 2025.
Catholic Church titles
Preceded by
Antonio Quarracino 		Archbishop of Buenos Aires
28 February 1998 – 13 March 2013 		Succeeded by
Mario Aurelio Poli
Preceded by
Benedict XVI 		Pope
13 March 2013 – 21 April 2025 		Succeeded by
TBD
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