Java Unsafe简单说明使用

原创已于 2022-04-12 18:05:41 修改 · 1.3k 阅读

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于 2022-04-12 18:03:36 首次发布

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本文探讨了如何在Java中使用sun.misc.Unsafe类进行内存操作，特别是Unsafe的compareAndSwapInt方法，以及其在AbstractQueuedSynchronizer中的应用实例。通过实例演示了如何利用Unsafe的objectFieldOffset方法获取字段偏移，实现原子状态修改。

Unsafe获取

 Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();

由于Unsafe为调用敏感，所以可能需要自行import,import sun.misc.Unsafe;

使用

compareAndSwapInt

public final native boolean compareAndSwapInt(Object object, long offset, int expect, int update);

该方法为native方法，CAS核心代码，比较并交换，该方法主要逻辑就是比较传入的expect 与object偏移offset处对应的值是否相同，如果相同，则把update赋给偏移位置，并返回true,否则返回false

object: 操作对象；
offset: 偏移量，offset和object两个参数结合，可以确定object中某字段的内存地址；
- unsafe.objectFieldOffset(Field field)获取非静态字段的offset;
- unsafe.staticFieldOffset(Field field) 获取静态字段的offset;
expect : 期望值，用于和当前内存值进行比较，如果相等则用update替换并返回true,不等返回false;
update : 更新值，当前内存值与expect相同，则把update赋予内存值；

用例

java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer部分源码

    private static final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
    private static final long stateOffset;
    private static final long headOffset;
    private static final long tailOffset;
    private static final long waitStatusOffset;
    private static final long nextOffset;

    static {
        try {
            stateOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.class.getDeclaredField("state"));
            headOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset
                (AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.class.getDeclaredField("head"));
            tailOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset
                (AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.class.getDeclaredField("tail"));
            waitStatusOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset
                (Node.class.getDeclaredField("waitStatus"));
            nextOffset = unsafe.objectFieldOffset
                (Node.class.getDeclaredField("next"));

        } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Error(ex); }
    }
    /**
     * Atomically sets synchronization state to the given updated
     * value if the current state value equals the expected value.
     * This operation has memory semantics of a {@code volatile} read
     * and write.
     *
     * @param expect the expected value
     * @param update the new value
     * @return {@code true} if successful. False return indicates that the actual
     *         value was not equal to the expected value.
     */
    protected final boolean compareAndSetState(int expect, int update) {
        // See below for intrinsics setup to support this
        return unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(this, stateOffset, expect, update);
    }