>>> import torch Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/torch/init.py", line 195, in <module> _load_global_deps() File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/torch/init.py", line 148, in _load_global_deps ctypes.CDLL(lib_path, mode=ctypes.RTLD_GLOBAL) File "/usr/lib/python3.6/ctypes/init.py", line 348, in init self._handle = _dlopen(self._name, mode) OSError: libmpi_cxx.so.20: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

时间: 2025-06-30 08:34:06 浏览: 6

### 解决方案此问题的核心在于 `libmpi_cxx.so.20` 文件缺失，这通常是因为系统中缺少 OpenMPI 的开发库。以下是详细的解决方案： #### 1. 安装必要的依赖项为了修复该错误，需要安装 OpenMPI 开发包以及相关的基础库。可以通过以下命令完成安装： ```bash sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install -y libopenmpi-dev openmpi-bin openmpi-common ``` 这些命令会确保系统的 OpenMPI 庉展库被正确安装[^2]。 #### 2. 验证共享库的存在安装完成后，可以验证 `/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/` 或其他标准路径下是否存在 `libmpi_cxx.so.20` 文件： ```bash ls /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmpi_cxx.so* ``` 如果文件存在，则说明安装成功；否则可能需要重新执行安装步骤或手动下载并放置所需的 `.so` 文件[^1]。 #### 3. 设置环境变量（可选）有时即使安装了所需库，Python 可能仍然无法找到它们。此时可通过设置 `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` 来显式指定动态链接器查找路径： ```bash export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH ``` 建议将以上命令添加到用户的 shell 配置文件（如 `.bashrc` 或 `.zshrc`），以便每次登录时自动加载。 #### 4. 卸载并重装 PyTorch 由于之前的 PyTorch 安装可能存在损坏的情况，推荐卸载现有版本后再重新安装兼容的轮子文件： ```bash pip uninstall torch torchvision torchaudio pip install torch==1.6.0+cpu torchvision==0.7.0+cpu torchaudio===0.6.0 -f https://download.pytorch.org/whl/torch_stable.html ``` 注意：这里选择了 CPU 版本作为示例。如果目标设备支持 GPU 加速，请根据硬件配置调整安装指令[^2]。 #### 5. 测试导入功能最后一步是测试是否能够正常导入 Torch 模块而不再触发类似的错误消息： ```python import torch print(torch.__version__) ``` --- ### 注意事项 - 如果仍遇到相同或其他类型的错误，请确认所使用的 Python 和操作系统架构完全匹配官方发布的预编译二进制文件的要求。 - 对于 NVIDIA Jetson 设备而言，某些特定优化过的框架版本可能会带来额外挑战，因此务必查阅对应平台文档获取最佳实践指导[^1]。

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