python迷宫画图

### 使用Python绘制迷宫图形 为了创建一个迷宫并将其可视化，可以采用`matplotlib.pyplot`来绘图。然而，在这里更推荐使用`turtle`库，因为其简单易懂且适合初学者学习基本的图形编程概念[^1]。 下面展示一段基于`turtle`模块编写的用于生成随机迷宫以及显示该迷宫结构的Python程序： ```python import turtle from random import randint, choice def draw_maze(width=20, height=20): screen = turtle.Screen() maze_drawer = turtle.Turtle(shape='turtle') cell_size = 20 walls = [[True]*width for _ in range(height)] def is_wall(x, y): return not (walls[y][x]) directions = [(0,-1), (-1,0), (+1,0), (0,+1)] stack = [] visited = set() start_x, start_y = randint(0,width-1),randint(0,height-1) current_cell = (start_x,start_y) while True: neighbors = ((current_cell[0]+dx,current_cell[1]+dy) for dx, dy in directions) unvisited_neighbors = [ n for n in neighbors if all([ 0<=n[0]<width, 0<=n[1]<height, n not in visited])] if unvisited_neighbors: next_cell = choice(unvisited_neighbors) # Remove wall between cells. walls[(next_cell[1]+current_cell[1])//2][(next_cell[0]+current_cell[0])//2]=False stack.append(current_cell) visited.add(next_cell) current_cell = next_cell elif stack: current_cell = stack.pop() else: break def draw_square(x,y,size,color="black"): """Helper function to draw a square at position.""" maze_drawer.penup() maze_drawer.goto(-cell_size*width/2+x*cell_size-cell_size/2, -cell_size*height/2+y*cell_size-cell_size/2) maze_drawer.pendown() maze_drawer.color(color) for i in range(4): maze_drawer.forward(size) maze_drawer.left(90) for row_index,row in enumerate(walls): for col_index,is_a_wall in enumerate(row): if is_a_wall: draw_square(col_index,row_index,cell_size,"blue") screen.mainloop() draw_maze() ``` 这段代码定义了一个名为 `draw_maze()` 的函数，它接受两个参数——宽度和高度，默认情况下都设置为20。此函数内部实现了深度优先搜索算法以构建迷宫，并通过移除墙壁的方式形成通道。最后利用`turtle`中的绘图功能把整个迷宫呈现出来。