实验环境中，给出含有n个学生的成绩表，每条记录由学号，姓名和分数组成，编写具体函数完成下列操作设计一个菜单操作界面，实习录入学生基本信息，直接插入排序，折半插入排序，冒泡排序，快速排序，简单选择排序，输入学生信息，退出等基本操作的C语言完整代码

好的，我可以帮你解答这个问题。 首先，需要定义一个学生结构体，包含学号、姓名和分数三个属性。 ```c++ struct Student { int id; char name[20]; float score; }; ``` 接着，需要定义一个动态数组，来存储学生信息。 ```c++ Student* studentList = nullptr; int studentCount = 0; ``` 接下来，我们可以设计菜单操作界面，让用户选择相应的操作。 ```c++ void showMenu() { cout << "1. 录入学生信息" << endl; cout << "2. 直接插入排序" << endl; cout << "3. 折半插入排序" << endl; cout << "4. 冒泡排序" << endl; cout << "5. 快速排序" << endl; cout << "6. 简单选择排序" << endl; cout << "7. 输出学生信息" << endl; cout << "8. 退出" << endl; } ``` 接下来，我们可以实现每个操作对应的具体函数。 ```c++ // 录入学生信息 void inputStudent() { cout << "请输入学生数量：" << endl; cin >> studentCount; studentList = new Student[studentCount]; for (int i = 0; i < studentCount; i++) { cout << "请输入第" << i + 1 << "个学生的信息：" << endl; cout << "学号："; cin >> studentList[i].id; cout << "姓名："; cin >> studentList[i].name; cout << "分数："; cin >> studentList[i].score; } } // 直接插入排序 void insertionSort() { for (int i = 1; i < studentCount; i++) { Student temp = studentList[i]; int j = i - 1; while (j >= 0 && studentList[j].id > temp.id) { studentList[j + 1] = studentList[j]; j--; } studentList[j + 1] = temp; } } // 折半插入排序 void binaryInsertionSort() { for (int i = 1; i < studentCount; i++) { Student temp = studentList[i]; int left = 0, right = i - 1; while (left <= right) { int mid = (left + right) / 2; if (studentList[mid].id > temp.id) { right = mid - 1; } else { left = mid + 1; } } for (int j = i - 1; j >= left; j--) { studentList[j + 1] = studentList[j]; } studentList[left] = temp; } } // 冒泡排序 void bubbleSort() { for (int i = 0; i < studentCount - 1; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < studentCount - 1 - i; j++) { if (studentList[j].id > studentList[j + 1].id) { Student temp = studentList[j]; studentList[j] = studentList[j + 1]; studentList[j + 1] = temp; } } } } // 快速排序 void quickSort(int left, int right) { if (left >= right) { return; } int i = left, j = right; Student pivot = studentList[left]; while (i < j) { while (i < j && studentList[j].id >= pivot.id) { j--; } studentList[i] = studentList[j]; while (i < j && studentList[i].id <= pivot.id) { i++; } studentList[j] = studentList[i]; } studentList[i] = pivot; quickSort(left, i - 1); quickSort(i + 1, right); } // 简单选择排序 void selectionSort() { for (int i = 0; i < studentCount - 1; i++) { int minIndex = i; for (int j = i + 1; j < studentCount; j++) { if (studentList[j].id < studentList[minIndex].id) { minIndex = j; } } if (minIndex != i) { Student temp = studentList[i]; studentList[i] = studentList[minIndex]; studentList[minIndex] = temp; } } } // 输出学生信息 void outputStudent() { for (int i = 0; i < studentCount; i++) { cout << studentList[i].id << "\t" << studentList[i].name << "\t" << studentList[i].score << endl; } } // 退出程序 void exitProgram() { delete[] studentList; studentList = nullptr; studentCount = 0; exit(0); } ``` 最后，我们可以在主函数中调用菜单操作界面，根据用户选择调用相应的函数。 ```c++ int main() { while (true) { showMenu(); int choice; cin >> choice; switch (choice) { case 1: inputStudent(); break; case 2: insertionSort(); break; case 3: binaryInsertionSort(); break; case 4: bubbleSort(); break; case 5: quickSort(0, studentCount - 1); break; case 6: selectionSort(); break; case 7: outputStudent(); break; case 8: exitProgram(); break; default: cout << "输入有误，请重新输入！" << endl; break; } } return 0; } ``` 以上就是完整的代码实现，你可以根据自己的需要进行修改和优化。

以下是一个C++实现的示例程序，完成对学生信息进行排序和输出的功能。具体实现中，使用了一个结构体来存储学生信息，使用了多种排序算法，以及一个菜单操作界面，方便用户选择不同的操作。 ``` #include <iostream> #include <iomanip> #include <string> using namespace std; // 定义学生结构体 struct Student { string id; string name; int score; }; // 声明函数 void input(Student stu[], int n); void directInsertSort(Student stu[], int n); void binaryInsertSort(Student stu[], int n); void bubbleSort(Student stu[], int n); void quickSort(Student stu[], int left, int right); void selectSort(Student stu[], int n); void output(Student stu[], int n); void menu(); // 实现函数 void input(Student stu[], int n) { cout << "请按照学号、姓名、分数的顺序输入每个学生的信息：" << endl; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { cin >> stu[i].id >> stu[i].name >> stu[i].score; } } void directInsertSort(Student stu[], int n) { for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { Student temp = stu[i]; int j = i - 1; while (j >= 0 && stu[j].id > temp.id) { stu[j+1] = stu[j]; j--; } stu[j+1] = temp; } } void binaryInsertSort(Student stu[], int n) { for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) { Student temp = stu[i]; int left = 0, right = i - 1; while (left <= right) { int mid = (left + right) / 2; if (stu[mid].id > temp.id) { right = mid - 1; } else { left = mid + 1; } } for (int j = i - 1; j >= left; j--) { stu[j+1] = stu[j]; } stu[left] = temp; } } void bubbleSort(Student stu[], int n) { for (int i = 0; i < n-1; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < n-i-1; j++) { if (stu[j].id > stu[j+1].id) { swap(stu[j], stu[j+1]); } } } } void quickSort(Student stu[], int left, int right) { if (left >= right) { return; } int i = left, j = right; Student pivot = stu[left]; while (i < j) { while (i < j && stu[j].id >= pivot.id) { j--; } stu[i] = stu[j]; while (i < j && stu[i].id <= pivot.id) { i++; } stu[j] = stu[i]; } stu[i] = pivot; quickSort(stu, left, i-1); quickSort(stu, i+1, right); } void selectSort(Student stu[], int n) { for (int i = 0; i < n-1; i++) { int minIndex = i; for (int j = i+1; j < n; j++) { if (stu[j].id < stu[minIndex].id) { minIndex = j; } } if (minIndex != i) { swap(stu[i], stu[minIndex]); } } } void output(Student stu[], int n) { cout << left << setw(10) << "学号" << setw(10) << "姓名" << setw(10) << "分数" << endl; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { cout << left << setw(10) << stu[i].id << setw(10) << stu[i].name << setw(10) << stu[i].score << endl; } } void menu() { cout << "请选择操作：" << endl; cout << "1. 录入学生信息" << endl; cout << "2. 直接插入排序" << endl; cout << "3. 折半插入排序" << endl; cout << "4. 冒泡排序" << endl; cout << "5. 快速排序" << endl; cout << "6. 简单选择排序" << endl; cout << "7. 输出学生信息" << endl; cout << "8. 退出" << endl; } // 主函数 int main() { int n, choice; cout << "请输入学生人数: "; cin >> n; Student stu[n]; do { menu(); cin >> choice; switch (choice) { case 1: input(stu, n); break; case 2: directInsertSort(stu, n); cout << "直接插入排序完成" << endl; break; case 3: binaryInsertSort(stu, n); cout << "折半插入排序完成" << endl; break; case 4: bubbleSort(stu, n); cout << "冒泡排序完成" << endl; break; case 5: quickSort(stu, 0, n-1); cout << "快速排序完成" << endl; break; case 6: selectSort(stu, n); cout << "简单选择排序完成" << endl; break; case 7: output(stu, n); break; case 8: cout << "程序已退出" << endl; break; default: cout << "输入错误，请重新输入" << endl; } } while (choice != 8); return 0; } ```