A string consisting of lowercase English letters, (, and ) is said to be a good string if you can make it an empty string by the following procedure: First, remove all lowercase English letters. Then, repeatedly remove consecutive () while possible. For example, ((a)ba) is a good string, because removing all lowercase English letters yields (()), from which we can remove consecutive () at the 2-nd and 3-rd characters to obtain (), which in turn ends up in an empty string. You are given a good string S. We denote by S i the i-th character of S. For each lowercase English letter a, b, …, and z, we have a ball with the letter written on it. Additionally, we have an empty box. For each i=1,2, … ,∣S∣ in this order, Takahashi performs the following operation unless he faints. If S i is a lowercase English letter, put the ball with the letter written on it into the box. If the ball is already in the box, he faints. If S i is (, do nothing. If S i is ), take the maximum integer j less than i such that the j-th through i-th characters of S form a good string. (We can prove that such an integer j always exists.) Take out from the box all the balls that he has put in the j-th through i-th operations. Determine if Takahashi can complete the sequence of operations without fainting.用cpp解决

Vasya and String

High school student ... Vasya denotes beauty of the string as the maximum length of a substring (consecutive subsequence) consisting of equal letters. Vasya can change no more than k characters of the

FFPI-FBG hybrid sensor to measure the thermal expansion and thermo-optical coefficient of a silica-based fiber at cryogenic temperatures

In this Letter, a sensor consisting of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and a fiber Fabry–Perot interferometer (FFPI) sensor is developed to measure the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and the ...

Microwave field controlled slow and fast light with a coupled system consisting of a nanomechanical resonator and a Cooper-pair box

随着信息技术的飞速发展，对光脉冲速度的控制已经成为一个重要的研究领域，特别是在光学通信、微波光子学以及非线性光学等领域中具有重大的应用前景。在给出的文档内容中，Peng-Cheng Ma 等人展示了如何通过一个由...

Your computer has a keyboard with three keys: 'a' key, Shift key, and Caps Lock key. The Caps Lock key has a light on it. Initially, the light on the Caps Lock key is off, and the screen shows an empty string. You can do the following three actions any number of times in any order: Spend X milliseconds to press only the 'a' key. If the light on the Caps Lock key is off, a is appended to the string on the screen; if it is on, A is. Spend Y milliseconds to press the 'a' key and Shift key simultaneously. If the light on the Caps Lock key is off, A is appended to the string on the screen; if it is on, a is. Spend Z milliseconds to press the Caps Lock key. If the light on the Caps Lock key is off, it turns on; if it is on, it turns off. Given a string S consisting of A and a, determine at least how many milliseconds you need to spend to make the string shown on the screen equal to S.c++代码

Here's a possible C++ implementation of the algorithm I described earlier: #include #include <string> using namespace std; int main() { int X, Y, Z; string S; // read input cin >> X >> Y ...

Two characters and are called similar characters if and only if one of the following conditions is satisfied: x y x and are the same character. y One of and is and the other is . x y1l One of and is and the other is . x y0o Two strings and , each of length , are called similar strings if and only if: S T N for all , the -th character of and the -th character of are similar characters. i (1≤i≤N) i S i T Given two length- strings and consisting of lowercase English letters and digits, determine if and are similar strings. N S T S T

用c++解决下述问题：描述 Some words have power. It can make a string containing it become more powerful (larger weight). The weight of a word in a string is defined as the number of its occurences in the string multiplied by its value, while the weight of the string is defined as the sum of all words' weights. Given some words with their values, you should output the string consisting of these words which make the string's weight maximal. 输入 The input consists of multiple test cases. The first line of the input is an integer T, indicating the number of the test cases. Each test case starts with a line consisting of two integers: N and M, indicating the string's maximum length and the number of the words. Each of the following M lines consists of a word Wi. The last line of each test case consists of M integers, while the i-th number indicates the value Vi of Wi. Technical Specification: 1. T ≤ 15 2. 0 < N ≤ 50, 0 < M ≤ 100. 3. The length of each word is less than 11 and bigger than 0. 4. 1 ≤ Vi ≤ 100. 5. All the words in the input are different. 6. All the words just consist of 'a' - 'z'. 输出 For each test case, output the string which has the maximal weight in a single line.If there are multiple answers, output the shortest one. If there are still multiple answers, output the smallest one in lexicographical order. The answer may be an empty string.

这道题需要使用动态规划来解决。我们可以定义dp[i]表示长度为i的字符串的最大权值，它可以通过枚举最后一个单词得到。具体地，我们枚举最后一个单词为Wi，那么dp[i]就可以由dp[i-len(Wi)] + Vi得到，其中len(Wi)表示...

You are given two strings of equal length s1 and s2 , consisting of lowercase Latin letters, and an integer t . You need to answer q queries, numbered from 1 to q . The i -th query comes in the i -th second of time. Each query is one of three types: block the characters at position pos (indexed from 1 ) in both strings for t seconds; swap two unblocked characters; determine if the two strings are equal at the time of the query, ignoring blocked characters. Note that in queries of the second type, the characters being swapped can be from the same string or from s1 and s2 .

When a query of type 1 is received, you can update the array to mark the characters at the specified position as blocked and set their remaining time to t. When a query of type 2 is received, you can...

outputstandard output You are given a string s consisting of the characters 0, 1 and/or ?. Let's call it a pattern. Let's say that the binary string (a string where each character is either 0 or 1) matches the pattern if you can replace each character ? with 0 or 1 (for each character, the choice is independent) so that the strings become equal. For example, 0010 matches ?01?, but 010 doesn't match 1??, ??, or ????. Let's define the cost of the binary string as the minimum number of operations of the form "reverse an arbitrary contiguous substring of the string" required to sort the string in non-descending order. You have to find a binary string with the minimum possible cost among those that match the given pattern. If there are multiple answers, print any of them.

If it's 0 or 1, you can simply match it with the i-th character of the binary string, and update dp[i][j] accordingly. If it's ?, you need to try both possibilities (0 or 1) and take the minimum cost...

### Problem Statement There are two multisets of strings, $X$ and $Y$, both initially empty. You are given $Q$ queries to process in order. In the $i$\-th query, you receive an integer $T_i$ and a string $S_i$. If $T_i=1$, insert $S_i$ into $X$; if $T_i=2$, insert $S_i$ into $Y$. After processing each query, print this value: - the number of strings in $Y$ that have no element of $X$ as a prefix. ### Constraints - $Q$ is an integer between $1$ and $2 \times 10^5$, inclusive. - $T_i \in \{1,2\}$ - Each $S_i$ is a string of length between $1$ and $5\times 10^5$, inclusive, consisting of lowercase English letters. - $\displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^Q |S_i| \leq 5 \times 10^5$ ### Input The input is given from Standard Input in the following format: $Q$ $T_1\ S_1$ $T_2\ S_2$ $\vdots$ $T_Q\ S_Q$ ### Output Print $Q$ lines. The $i$\-th line $(1 \leq i \leq Q)$ should contain the count after processing the $i$\-th query. Sample Input 1 Copy 4 1 at 2 watcoder 2 atcoder 1 wa

- 对于X中的每个字符串s，处理其所有前缀，比如对于s="abc"，前缀是"a", "ab", "abc"。 - 使用一个哈希表prefix_count，记录每个前缀出现的次数。 - 当添加s到X时，遍历其所有前缀，对每个前缀p，prefix_count[p] +=...

You are given a string s consisting of the characters 0, 1 and/or ?. Let's call it a pattern. Let's say that the binary string (a string where each character is either 0 or 1) matches the pattern if you can replace each character ? with 0 or 1 (for each character, the choice is independent) so that the strings become equal. For example, 0010 matches ?01?, but 010 doesn't match 1??, ??, or ????. Let's define the cost of the binary string as the minimum number of operations of the form "reverse an arbitrary contiguous substring of the string" required to sort the string in non-descending order. You have to find a binary string with the minimum possible cost among those that match the given pattern. If there are multiple answers, print any of them. Input The first line contains a single integer t (1≤t≤3⋅104 ) — the number of test cases. The first and only line of each test case contains the string s (1≤|s|≤3⋅105 ) consisting of characters 0, 1, and/or ?. The sum of the string lengths over all test cases does not exceed 3⋅105 . Output For each test case, print a binary string with the minimum possible cost among those that match the given pattern. If there are multiple answers, print any of them. Example

if (q.empty()) { int cnt = 0; for (int i = 1; i ; i++) { if (s[i] != s[i-1]) { cnt++; } } if (cnt == 0) { cout ; } else if (cnt == 1) { cout ; } else { cout ; } continue; } bool ok = ...

You have two binary strings � a and � b of length � n. You would like to make all the elements of both strings equal to 0 0. Unfortunately, you can modify the contents of these strings using only the following operation: You choose two indices � l and � r ( 1 ≤ � ≤ � ≤ � 1≤l≤r≤n); For every � i that respects � ≤ � ≤ � l≤i≤r, change � � a i to the opposite. That is, � � : = 1 − � � a i :=1−a i ; For every � i that respects either 1 ≤ � < � 1≤i<l or � < � ≤ � r<i≤n, change � � b i to the opposite. That is, � � : = 1 − � � b i :=1−b i . Your task is to determine if this is possible, and if it is, to find such an appropriate chain of operations. The number of operations should not exceed � + 5 n+5. It can be proven that if such chain of operations exists, one exists with at most � + 5 n+5 operations. Input Each test consists of multiple test cases. The first line contains a single integer � t ( 1 ≤ � ≤ 1 0 5 1≤t≤10 5 ) — the number of test cases. The description of test cases follows. The first line of each test case contains a single integer � n ( 2 ≤ � ≤ 2 ⋅ 1 0 5 2≤n≤2⋅10 5 ) — the length of the strings. The second line of each test case contains a binary string � a, consisting only of characters 0 and 1, of length � n. The third line of each test case contains a binary string � b, consisting only of characters 0 and 1, of length � n. It is guaranteed that sum of � n over all test cases doesn't exceed 2 ⋅ 1 0 5 2⋅10 5 . Output For each testcase, print first "YES" if it's possible to make all the elements of both strings equal to 0 0. Otherwise, print "NO". If the answer is "YES", on the next line print a single integer � k ( 0 ≤ � ≤ � + 5 0≤k≤n+5) — the number of operations. Then � k lines follows, each contains two integers � l and � r ( 1 ≤ � ≤ � ≤ � 1≤l≤r≤n) — the description of the operation. If there are several correct answers, print any of them.

这道题目的意思是给定两个长度为n的01字符串a和b，每次操作可以选择一个区间[l, r]，将a中该区间内的元素取反，将b中该区间外的元素取反，问是否能通过有限次操作将a和b都变成全0。思路：首先考虑每次操作对a和b的...

用C++编写程序，实现以下问题2、题目ID Codes（POJ1146） Time Limit: 1000MS Memory Limit: 10000K 描述： It is 2084 and the year of Big Brother has finally arrived, albeit a century late. In order to exercise greater control over its citizens and thereby to counter a chronic breakdown in law and order, the Government decides on a radical measure--all citizens are to have a tiny microcomputer surgically implanted in their left wrists. This computer will contains all sorts of personal information as well as a transmitter which will allow people's movements to be logged and monitored by a central computer. (A desirable side effect of this process is that it will shorten the dole queue for plastic surgeons.) An essential component of each computer will be a unique identification code, consisting of up to 50 characters drawn from the 26 lower case letters. The set of characters for any given code is chosen somewhat haphazardly. The complicated way in which the code is imprinted into the chip makes it much easier for the manufacturer to produce codes which are rearrangements of other codes than to produce new codes with a different selection of letters. Thus, once a set of letters has been chosen all possible codes derivable from it are used before changing the set. For example, suppose it is decided that a code will contain exactly 3 occurrences of a', 2 of b' and 1 of c', then three of the allowable 60 codes under these conditions are: abaabc abaacb ababac These three codes are listed from top to bottom in alphabetic order. Among all codes generated with this set of characters, these codes appear consecutively in this order. Write a program to assist in the issuing of these identification codes. Your program will accept a sequence of no more than 50 lower case letters (which may contain repeated characters) and print the successor code if one exists or the message No Successor' if the given code is the last in the sequence for that set of characters. 输入： Input will consist of a series of lines each containing a string representing a code. The entire file will be terminated by a line consisting of a single #. 输出： Output will consist of one line for each code read containing the successor code or the words 'No Successor'. 样例输入 abaacb cbbaa # 样例输出 ababac No Successor

if(next_permutation(str, str + strlen(str))) cout ; else cout ; } return 0; } 首先，我们定义了一个字符数组 str 来存储输入的字符串。然后，在一个循环中不断读入字符串，直到读入单独的一个 '...

You are given a string s of length n , where each character is either < or >. An array a consisting of n+1 elements is compatible with the string s if, for every i from 1 to n , the character si represents the result of comparing ai and ai+1 , i. e.: si is < if and only if ai<ai+1 ; si is > if and only if ai>ai+1 . For example, the array [1,2,5,4,2] is compatible with the string <<>>. There are other arrays with are compatible with that string, for example, [13,37,42,37,13] . The cost of the array is the number of different elements in it. For example, the cost of [1,2,5,4,2] is 4 ; the cost of [13,37,42,37,13] is 3 . You have to calculate the minimum cost among all arrays which are compatible with the given string s .c++代码

string s; cin >> s; int n = s.size(); int mn = 0, mx = 0, ans = 1; vector<int> a(n+1); a[0] = 0; for (int i = 0; i ; i++) { if (s[i] == ') { a[i+1] = ++mx; } else { a[i+1] = --mn; } ans +...

Write a program that counts the occurrences of words in a text and displays the words and their occurrences in alphabetical order of words. The program uses a TreeMap to store an entry consisting a word and its count. For each word, check whether it is already a key in the map. If not, add to the map an entry with the word as the key and value 1. Otherwise, increase the value for the word (key) by 1 in the map. Assume the words are case insensitive. e.g. Good is treated the same as good. (Tip: use the split method to split a string into words)

Sure, here's a Java program that counts the occurrences of words in a text and displays them in alphabetical order: java import java.util.Scanner; import java.util.TreeMap; public class ...

Robert is a famous engineer. One day he was given a task by his boss. The background of the task was the following: Given a map consisting of square blocks. There were three kinds of blocks: Wall, Grass, and Empty. His boss wanted to place as many robots as possible in the map. Each robot held a laser weapon which could shoot to four directions (north, east, south, west) simultaneously. A robot had to stay at the block where it was initially placed all the time and to keep firing all the time. The laser beams certainly could pass the grid of Grass, but could not pass the grid of Wall. A robot could only be placed in an Empty block. Surely the boss would not want to see one robot hurting another. In other words, two robots must not be placed in one line (horizontally or vertically) unless there is a Wall between them. Now that you are such a smart programmer and one of Robert's best friends, He is asking you to help him solving this problem. That is, given the description of a map, compute the maximum number of robots that can be placed in the map. Input The first line contains an integer T (<= 11) which is the number of test cases. For each test case, the first line contains two integers m and n (1<= m, n <=50) which are the row and column sizes of the map. Then m lines follow, each contains n characters of '#', '', or 'o' which represent Wall, Grass, and Empty, respectively. Output For each test case, first output the case number in one line, in the format: "Case :id" where id is the test case number, counting from 1. In the second line just output the maximum number of robots that can be placed in that map.

To solve it, we can use a simple algorithm that iterates over all empty cells in the map and checks whether a robot can be placed there. For each empty cell, we can simulate a robot firing its laser ...

friend of you is doing research on the Traveling Knight Problem (TKP) where you are to find the shortest closed tour of knight moves that visits each square of a given set of n squares on a chessboard exactly once. He thinks that the most difficult part of the problem is determining the smallest number of knight moves between two given squares and that, once you have accomplished this, finding the tour would be easy. Of course you know that it is vice versa. So you offer him to write a program that solves the "difficult" part. Your job is to write a program that takes two squares a and b as input and then determines the number of knight moves on a shortest route from a to b. Input Specification The input file will contain one or more test cases. Each test case consists of one line containing two squares separated by one space. A square is a string consisting of a letter (a-h) representing the column and a digit (1-8) representing the row on the chessboard. Output Specification For each test case, print one line saying "To get from xx to yy takes n knight moves.".

Sure, I can write a program that solves the "difficult" part of the TKP. Here's an implementation in Python: python # Define a function to convert a square string to a tuple of coordinates def ...

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import torch import numpy as np def a2t(): np_data = np.array([[1, 2],[3,4]]) #/********** Begin *********/ #将np_data转为对应的tensor，赋给变量torch_data torch_data = torch.tensor(np_data) #/********** End *********/ return(torch_data)

import torch import numpy as np def a2t(): np_data = np.array([[1, 2],[3,4]]) #/****** Begin */ #将np_data转为对应的tensor，赋给变量torch_data torch_data = torch.tensor(np_data) #/ End ***/ return(torch_data)